1 // New PGN parser by by HGM. I was dissatisfied with the old flex-generated parser for several reasons:
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2 // 1) It required flex to build
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3 // 2) It was not possible to use variant-dependent syntax, which gave trouble for '+' as Sogi promoChar vs check symbol
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4 // 3) It could not handle double-digit rank numbers
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5 // 4) It could not handle PSN moves, with (alpha rank and file digit)
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6 // 5) Having more than 12 ranks would require extension of the rules anyway
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7 // 6) It was cumbersome to maintain, which much code duplication that had to be kept in sync when changing something
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8 // 7) It needed special handling for packaging, because we wanted to include parser.c for people who had no flex
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9 // 8) It was quite large because of the table-driven flex algorithm.
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10 // This new parser suffers from none of that. It might even accomodate traditional Xiangqi notation at some future time.
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17 #include "backend.h"
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18 #include "frontend.h"
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23 extern Board boards[MAX_MOVES];
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24 extern int PosFlags(int nr);
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26 int yyskipmoves = FALSE;
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27 char currentMoveString[4096]; // a bit ridiculous size?
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30 #define PARSEBUFSIZE 10000
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32 static FILE *inputFile;
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33 static char *inPtr, *parsePtr, *parseStart;
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34 static char inputBuf[PARSEBUFSIZE];
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35 static char yytext[PARSEBUFSIZE];
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36 static char fromString = 0, lastChar = '\n';
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40 #define ALPHABETIC 2
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41 #define BADNUMBER (-2000000000)
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44 { // Read one line from the input file, and append to the buffer
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45 char c, *start = inPtr;
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46 if(fromString) return 0; // parsing string, so the end is a hard end
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47 if(!inputFile) return 0;
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48 while((c = fgetc(inputFile)) != EOF) {
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50 if(c == '\n') { *inPtr = NULLCHAR; return 1; }
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51 if(inPtr - inputBuf > PARSEBUFSIZE-2) inPtr--; //prevent crash on overflow
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53 if(inPtr == start) return 0;
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54 *inPtr++ = '\n', *inPtr = NULLCHAR; // repair missing linefeed at EOF
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58 int Scan(char c, char **p)
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59 { // line-spanning skip to mentioned character or EOF
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61 while(**p) if(*(*p)++ == c) return 0;
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62 } while(ReadLine());
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63 // no closing bracket; force match for entire rest of file.
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67 int SkipWhite(char **p)
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68 { // skip spaces tabs and newlines; return 1 if anything was skipped
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71 while(**p == ' ' || **p == '\t' || **p == '\n' || **p == '\r') (*p)++;
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72 } while(**p == NULLCHAR && ReadLine()); // continue as long as ReadLine reads something
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76 int Match(char *pattern, char **ptr)
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78 char *p = pattern, *s = *ptr;
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79 while(*p && (*p == *s++ || s[-1] == '\r' && *p--)) p++;
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84 return 0; // no match, no ptr update
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87 int Word(char *pattern, char **p)
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89 if(Match(pattern, p)) return 1;
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90 if(*pattern >= 'a' && *pattern <= 'z' && *pattern - **p == 'a' - 'A') { // capitalized
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92 if(Match(pattern + 1, p)) return 1;
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98 int Verb(char *pattern, char **p)
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100 int res = Word(pattern, p);
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101 if(res && !Match("s", p)) Match("ed", p); // eat conjugation suffix, if any
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106 int Number(char **p)
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109 if(**p < '0' || **p > '9') return BADNUMBER;
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110 while(**p >= '0' && **p <= '9') {
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111 val = 10*val + *(*p)++ - '0';
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116 int RdTime(char c, char **p)
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118 char *start = ++(*p), *sec; // increment *p, as it was pointing to the opening ( or {
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119 if(Number(p) == BADNUMBER) return 0;
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121 if(Match(":", p) && Number(p) != BADNUMBER && *p - sec == 3) { // well formed
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123 if(Match(".", p) && Number(p) != BADNUMBER && *(*p)++ == c) return 1; // well-formed fraction
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125 if(*(*p)++ == c) return 1; // matching bracket without fraction
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127 *p = start; // failure
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131 char PromoSuffix(char **p)
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134 if(**p == 'e' && (Match("ep", p) || Match("e.p.", p))) { *p = start; return NULLCHAR; } // non-compliant e.p. suffix is no promoChar!
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135 if(**p == '+' && gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) { (*p)++; return '+'; }
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136 if(**p == '=') (*p)++; //optional =
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137 if(**p == '(' && (*p)[2] == ')' && isalpha( (*p)[1] )) { (*p) += 3; return (*p)[-2]; }
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138 if(isalpha(**p)) return *(*p)++;
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139 if(*p != start) return '='; // must be the optional =
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140 return NULLCHAR; // no suffix detected
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143 int NextUnit(char **p)
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144 { // Main parser routine
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145 int coord[4], n, result, piece, i;
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146 char type[4], promoted, separator, slash, *oldp, *commentEnd, c;
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147 int wom = WhiteOnMove(yyboardindex);
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149 // ********* try white first, because it is so common **************************
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150 if(**p == ' ' || **p == '\n' || **p == '\t') { parseStart = (*p)++; return Nothing; }
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153 if(**p == NULLCHAR) { // make sure there is something to parse
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154 if(fromString) return 0; // we are parsing string, so the end is really the end
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155 *p = inPtr = inputBuf;
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156 if(!ReadLine()) return 0; // EOF
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158 parseStart = oldp = *p; // remember where we begin
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160 // Next we do some common symbols where the first character commits us to things that cannot possibly be a move
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161 // (but not {} comments, as those force time-consuming matching of PGN results immediately after it)
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163 // ********* PGN tags ******************************************
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166 if(Match("--", p)) { // "[--" could be start of position diagram
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167 if(!Scan(']', p) && (*p)[-3] == '-' && (*p)[-2] == '-') return PositionDiagram;
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171 if(isdigit(**p) || isalpha(**p)) {
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172 do (*p)++; while(isdigit(**p) || isalpha(**p) || **p == '+' ||
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173 **p == '-' || **p == '=' || **p == '_' || **p == '#');
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175 if(*(*p)++ == '"') {
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176 while(**p != '\n' && (*(*p)++ != '"'|| (*p)[-2] == '\\')); // look for unescaped quote
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177 if((*p)[-1] !='"') { *p = oldp; Scan(']', p); return Comment; } // string closing delimiter missing
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178 SkipWhite(p); if(*(*p)++ == ']') return PGNTag;
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181 Scan(']', p); return Comment;
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185 // ********* variations (nesting) ******************************
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187 if(RdTime(')', p)) return ElapsedTime;
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190 if(**p ==')') { (*p)++; return Close; }
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191 if(**p == ';') { while(**p != '\n') (*p)++; return Comment; }
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194 // ********* attempt to recognize a SAN move in the leading non-blank text *****
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195 piece = separator = promoted = slash = n = 0;
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196 for(i=0; i<4; i++) coord[i] = -1, type[i] = NOTHING;
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197 if(**p == '+') (*p)++, promoted++;
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198 if(**p >= 'A' && **p <= 'Z') {
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199 piece = *(*p)++; // Note we could test for 2-byte non-ascii names here
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200 if(**p == '/') slash = *(*p)++;
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203 if(**p >= 'a' && **p < 'x') coord[n] = *(*p)++ - 'a', type[n++] = ALPHABETIC;
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204 else if((i = Number(p)) != BADNUMBER) coord[n] = i, type[n++] = NUMERIC;
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206 if(n == 2 && type[0] == type[1]) { // if two identical types, the opposite type in between must have been missing
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207 type[2] = type[1]; coord[2] = coord[1];
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208 type[1] = NOTHING; coord[1] = -1; n++;
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211 // we always get here, and might have read a +, a piece, and upto 4 potential coordinates
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212 if(n <= 2) { // could be from-square or disambiguator, when -:xX follow, or drop with @ directly after piece, but also to-square
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213 if(**p == '-' || **p == ':' || **p == 'x' || **p == 'X' || // these cannot be move suffix, so to-square must follow
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214 (**p == '@' || **p == '*') && n == 0 && !promoted && piece) { // P@ must also be followed by to-square
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215 separator = *(*p)++;
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216 if(n == 1) coord[1] = coord[0]; // must be disambiguator, but we do not know which yet
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218 while(n < 4) { // attempt to read to-square
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219 if(**p >= 'a' && **p < 'x') coord[n] = *(*p)++ - 'a', type[n++] = ALPHABETIC;
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220 else if((i = Number(p)) != BADNUMBER) coord[n] = i, type[n++] = NUMERIC;
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223 } else if((**p == '+' || **p == '=') && n == 1 && piece && type[0] == NUMERIC) { // can be traditional Xiangqi notation
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224 separator = *(*p)++;
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226 if((i = Number(p)) != BADNUMBER) coord[n] = i, type[n++] = NUMERIC;
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227 } else if(n == 2) { // only one square mentioned, must be to-square
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228 while(n < 4) { coord[n] = coord[n-2], type[n] = type[n-2], coord[n-2] = -1, type[n-2] = NOTHING; n++; }
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230 } else if(n == 3 && type[1] != NOTHING) { // must be hyphenless disambiguator + to-square
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231 for(i=3; i>0; i--) coord[i] = coord[i-1], type[i] = type[i-1]; // move to-square to where it belongs
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232 type[1] = NOTHING; // disambiguator goes in first two positions
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235 if(appData.debugMode)fprintf(debugFP, "trial %d,%d,%d,%d type %d%d%d%d\n", coord[0], coord[1], coord[2], coord[3], type[0], type[1], type[2], type[3]);
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236 // we always get here; move must be completely read now, with to-square coord(s) at end
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237 if(n == 3) { // incomplete to-square. Could be Xiangqi traditional, or stuff like fxg
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238 if(piece && type[1] == NOTHING && type[0] == NUMERIC && type[2] == NUMERIC &&
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239 (separator == '+' || separator == '=' || separator == '-')) {
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240 // Xiangqi traditional
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242 return ImpossibleMove; // for now treat as invalid
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244 // fxg stuff, but also things like 0-0, 0-1 and 1-0
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245 if(!piece && type[1] == NOTHING && type[0] == ALPHABETIC && type[2] == ALPHABETIC
246 && (coord[0] != 14 || coord[2] != 14) /* reserve oo for castling! */ ) {
247 piece = 'P'; n = 4; // kludge alert: fake full to-square
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250 if(n == 4 && type[2] != type[3] && // we have a valid to-square (kludge: type[3] can be NOTHING on fxg type move)
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251 (piece || !promoted) && // promoted indicator only valid on named piece type
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252 (type[2] == ALPHABETIC || gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi)) { // in Shogi also allow alphabetic rank
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253 DisambiguateClosure cl;
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254 int fromX, fromY, toX, toY;
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256 if(slash && (!piece || type[1] == NOTHING)) goto badMove; // slash after piece only in ICS long format
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257 if (yyskipmoves) return (int) AmbiguousMove; /* not disambiguated */
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259 if(type[2] == NUMERIC) { // alpha-rank
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260 coord[2] = BOARD_RGHT - BOARD_LEFT - coord[2];
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261 coord[3] = BOARD_HEIGHT - coord[3];
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262 if(coord[0] >= 0) coord[0] = BOARD_RGHT - BOARD_LEFT - coord[0];
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263 if(coord[1] >= 0) coord[1] = BOARD_HEIGHT - coord[1];
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265 toX = cl.ftIn = (currentMoveString[2] = coord[2] + 'a') - AAA;
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266 toY = cl.rtIn = (currentMoveString[3] = coord[3] + '0') - ONE;
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267 if(type[3] == NOTHING) cl.rtIn = -1; // for fxg type moves ask for toY disambiguation
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268 else if(toY >= BOARD_HEIGHT || toY < 0) return ImpossibleMove; // vert off-board to-square
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269 if(toX < BOARD_LEFT || toX >= BOARD_RGHT) return ImpossibleMove;
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271 cl.pieceIn = CharToPiece(wom ? piece : ToLower(piece));
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272 if(cl.pieceIn == EmptySquare) return ImpossibleMove; // non-existent piece
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273 if(promoted) cl.pieceIn = (ChessSquare) (PROMOTED cl.pieceIn);
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274 } else cl.pieceIn = EmptySquare;
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275 if(separator == '@' || separator == '*') { // drop move. We only get here without from-square or promoted piece
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276 fromY = DROP_RANK; fromX = cl.pieceIn;
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277 currentMoveString[0] = piece;
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278 currentMoveString[1] = '@';
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279 return LegalityTest(boards[yyboardindex], PosFlags(yyboardindex)&~F_MANDATORY_CAPTURE, fromY, fromX, toY, toX, NULLCHAR);
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281 if(type[1] == NOTHING && type[0] != NOTHING) { // there is a disambiguator
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282 if(type[0] != type[2]) coord[0] = -1, type[1] = type[0], type[0] = NOTHING; // it was a rank-disambiguator
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284 if( type[1] != type[2] && // means fromY is of opposite type as ToX, or NOTHING
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285 (type[0] == NOTHING || type[0] == type[2]) ) { // well formed
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287 fromX = (currentMoveString[0] = coord[0] + 'a') - AAA;
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288 fromY = (currentMoveString[1] = coord[1] + '0') - ONE;
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289 currentMoveString[4] = cl.promoCharIn = PromoSuffix(p);
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290 currentMoveString[5] = NULLCHAR;
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291 if(type[0] != NOTHING && type[1] != NOTHING && type[3] != NOTHING) { // fully specified.
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292 // Note that Disambiguate does not work for illegal moves, but flags them as impossible
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293 if(piece) { // check if correct piece indicated
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294 ChessSquare realPiece = boards[yyboardindex][fromY][fromX];
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295 if(PieceToChar(realPiece) == '~') realPiece = (ChessSquare) (DEMOTED realPiece);
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296 if(!(appData.icsActive && PieceToChar(realPiece) == '+') && // trust ICS if it moves promoted pieces
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297 piece && realPiece != cl.pieceIn) return ImpossibleMove;
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299 result = LegalityTest(boards[yyboardindex], PosFlags(yyboardindex), fromY, fromX, toY, toX, cl.promoCharIn);
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300 if (currentMoveString[4] == NULLCHAR) { // suppy missing mandatory promotion character
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301 if(result == WhitePromotion || result == BlackPromotion) {
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302 switch(gameInfo.variant) {
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303 case VariantCourier:
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304 case VariantShatranj: currentMoveString[4] = PieceToChar(BlackFerz); break;
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305 case VariantGreat: currentMoveString[4] = PieceToChar(BlackMan); break;
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306 case VariantShogi: currentMoveString[4] = '+'; break;
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307 default: currentMoveString[4] = PieceToChar(BlackQueen);
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309 } else if(result == WhiteNonPromotion || result == BlackNonPromotion) {
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310 currentMoveString[4] = '=';
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312 } else if(appData.testLegality && gameInfo.variant != VariantSChess && // strip off unnecessary and false promo characters
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313 !(result == WhitePromotion || result == BlackPromotion ||
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314 result == WhiteNonPromotion || result == BlackNonPromotion)) currentMoveString[4] = NULLCHAR;
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316 } else if(cl.pieceIn == EmptySquare) cl.pieceIn = wom ? WhitePawn : BlackPawn;
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317 cl.ffIn = type[0] == NOTHING ? -1 : coord[0] + 'a' - AAA;
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318 cl.rfIn = type[1] == NOTHING ? -1 : coord[1] + '0' - ONE;
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320 Disambiguate(boards[yyboardindex], PosFlags(yyboardindex), &cl);
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322 if(cl.kind == ImpossibleMove && !piece && type[1] == NOTHING // fxg5 type
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323 && toY == (wom ? 4 : 3)) { // could be improperly written e.p.
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324 cl.rtIn += wom ? 1 : -1; // shift target square to e.p. square
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325 Disambiguate(boards[yyboardindex], PosFlags(yyboardindex), &cl);
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326 if((cl.kind != WhiteCapturesEnPassant && cl.kind != BlackCapturesEnPassant))
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327 return ImpossibleMove; // nice try, but no cigar
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330 currentMoveString[0] = cl.ff + AAA;
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331 currentMoveString[1] = cl.rf + ONE;
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332 currentMoveString[3] = cl.rt + ONE;
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333 currentMoveString[4] = cl.promoChar;
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335 if((cl.kind == WhiteCapturesEnPassant || cl.kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant) && (Match("ep", p) || Match("e.p.", p)));
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337 return (int) cl.kind;
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340 badMove:// we failed to find algebraic move
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343 // ********* SAN Castings *************************************
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345 if(**p == 'O' || **p == 'o' || **p == '0') {
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346 int castlingType = 0;
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347 if(Match("O-O-O", p) || Match("o-o-o", p) || Match("0-0-0", p) ||
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348 Match("OOO", p) || Match("ooo", p) || Match("000", p)) castlingType = 2;
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349 else if(Match("O-O", p) || Match("o-o", p) || Match("0-0", p) ||
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350 Match("OO", p) || Match("oo", p) || Match("00", p)) castlingType = 1;
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351 if(castlingType) { //code from old parser, collapsed for both castling types, and streamlined a bit
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352 int rf, ff, rt, ft; ChessSquare king;
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354 if (yyskipmoves) return (int) AmbiguousMove; /* not disambiguated */
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361 rf = BOARD_HEIGHT-1;
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362 rt = BOARD_HEIGHT-1;
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365 ff = (BOARD_WIDTH-1)>>1; // this would be d-file
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366 if (boards[yyboardindex][rf][ff] == king) {
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367 /* ICS wild castling */
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368 ft = castlingType == 1 ? BOARD_LEFT+1 : BOARD_RGHT-3;
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370 ff = BOARD_WIDTH>>1; // e-file
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371 ft = castlingType == 1 ? BOARD_RGHT-2 : BOARD_LEFT+2;
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373 if(PosFlags(0) & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) {
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375 ff = initialRights[2];
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376 ft = initialRights[castlingType-1];
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378 ff = initialRights[5];
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379 ft = initialRights[castlingType+2];
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381 if (appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "Parser FRC (type=%d) %d %d\n", castlingType, ff, ft);
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382 if(ff == NoRights || ft == NoRights) return ImpossibleMove;
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384 sprintf(currentMoveString, "%c%c%c%c",ff+AAA,rf+ONE,ft+AAA,rt+ONE);
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385 if (appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "(%d-type) castling %d %d\n", castlingType, ff, ft);
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387 return (int) LegalityTest(boards[yyboardindex],
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388 PosFlags(yyboardindex)&~F_MANDATORY_CAPTURE, // [HGM] losers: e.p.!
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389 rf, ff, rt, ft, NULLCHAR);
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394 // ********* Comments and result messages **********************
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395 *p = oldp; commentEnd = NULL; result = 0;
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397 if(RdTime('}', p)) return ElapsedTime;
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398 if(lastChar == '\n' && Match("--------------\n", p)) {
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400 i = Scan ('}', p); q = *p - 16;
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401 if(Match("\n--------------}\n", &q)) return PositionDiagram;
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402 } else i = Scan('}', p);
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403 commentEnd = *p; if(i) return Comment; // return comment that runs to EOF immediately
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405 if(commentEnd) SkipWhite(p);
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406 if(Match("*", p)) result = GameUnfinished;
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407 else if(**p == '0') {
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408 if( Match("0-1", p) || Match("0/1", p) || Match("0:1", p) ||
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409 Match("0 - 1", p) || Match("0 / 1", p) || Match("0 : 1", p)) result = BlackWins;
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410 } else if(**p == '1') {
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411 if( Match("1-0", p) || Match("1/0", p) || Match("1:0", p) ||
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412 Match("1 - 0", p) || Match("1 / 0", p) || Match("1 : 0", p)) result = WhiteWins;
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413 else if(Match("1/2 - 1/2", p) || Match("1/2:1/2", p) || Match("1/2 : 1/2", p) || Match("1 / 2 - 1 / 2", p) ||
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414 Match("1 / 2 : 1 / 2", p) || Match("1/2", p) || Match("1 / 2", p)) result = GameIsDrawn;
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417 if(Match(" (", p) && !Scan(')', p) || Match(" {", p) && !Scan('}', p)) { // there is a comment after the PGN result!
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418 if(commentEnd) { *p = commentEnd; return Comment; } // so comment before it is normal comment; return that first
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420 return result; // this returns a possible preceeding comment as result details
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422 if(commentEnd) { *p = commentEnd; return Comment; } // there was no PGN result following, so return as normal comment
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425 // ********* Move numbers (after castlings or PGN results!) ***********
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426 if((i = Number(p)) != BADNUMBER) { // a single number was read as part of our attempt to read a move
\r
428 if(**p == '.') (*p)++; SkipWhite(p);
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429 if(**p == '+' || isalpha(**p) || gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi && *p != numEnd && isdigit(**p)) {
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431 return i == 1 ? MoveNumberOne : Nothing;
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433 *p = numEnd; return Nothing;
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437 // ********* non-compliant game-result indicators *********************
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438 if(Match("+-+", p) || Word("stalemate", p)) return GameIsDrawn;
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439 if(Match("++", p) || Verb("resign", p) || (Word("check", p) || 1) && Word("mate", p) )
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440 return (wom ? BlackWins : WhiteWins);
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442 if(Word("w", p) && (Match("hite", p) || 1) || Word("b", p) && (Match("lack", p) || 1) ) {
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443 if(**p != ' ') return Nothing;
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445 if(Verb("disconnect", p)) return GameUnfinished;
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446 if(Verb("resign", p) || Verb("forfeit", p) || Word("mated", p) || Word("lost", p) || Word("loses", p))
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447 return (c == 'W' ? BlackWins : WhiteWins);
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448 if(Word("mates", p) || Word("wins", p) || Word("won", p))
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449 return (c != 'W' ? BlackWins : WhiteWins);
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452 if(Word("draw", p)) {
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453 if(**p == 'n') (*p)++;
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454 if(**p != ' ') return GameIsDrawn;
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456 if(Word("agreed", p)) return GameIsDrawn;
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457 if(Match("by ", p) && (Word("repetition", p) || Word("agreement", p)) ) return GameIsDrawn;
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459 if(*(*p)++ == '(') {
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460 while(**p != '\n') if(*(*p)++ == ')') break;
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461 if((*p)[-1] == ')') return GameIsDrawn;
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463 *p = oldp - 1; return GameIsDrawn;
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467 // ********* Numeric annotation glyph **********************************
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468 if(**p == '$') { (*p)++; if(Number(p) != BADNUMBER) return NAG; return Nothing; }
\r
471 // ********** by now we are getting down to the silly stuff ************
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472 if(Word("gnu", p) || Match("GNU", p)) {
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473 if(**p == ' ') (*p)++;
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474 if(Word("chess", p) || Match("CHESS", p)) {
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476 if((q = strstr(*p, "game")) || (q = strstr(*p, "GAME")) || (q = strstr(*p, "Game"))) {
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477 (*p) = q + 4; return GNUChessGame;
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482 if(lastChar == '\n' && (Match("# ", p) || Match("; ", p) || Match("% ", p))) {
\r
483 while(**p != '\n' && **p != ' ') (*p)++;
\r
484 if(**p == ' ' && (Match(" game file", p) || Match(" position file", p))) {
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485 while(**p != '\n') (*p)++; // skip to EOLN
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488 *p = oldp; // we might need to re-match the skipped stuff
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492 // ********* Efficient skipping of (mostly) alphabetic chatter **********
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493 while(isdigit(**p) || isalpha(**p) || **p == '-') (*p)++;
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496 while(isdigit(**p) || isalpha(**p) || **p == '-' || **p == '\'') (*p)++;
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497 return Nothing; // random word
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499 if(lastChar == '\n' && Match(": ", p)) { // mail header, skip indented lines
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501 while(**p != '\n') (*p)++;
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502 if(!ReadLine()) return Nothing; // append next line if not EOF
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503 } while(Match("\n ", p) || Match("\n\t", p));
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509 // ********* Could not match to anything. Return offending character ****
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515 Return offset of next pattern in the current file.
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519 return ftell(inputFile) - (inPtr - parsePtr); // subtract what is read but not yet parsed
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522 void yynewfile (FILE *f)
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523 { // prepare parse buffer for reading file
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525 inPtr = parsePtr = inputBuf;
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528 *inPtr = NULLCHAR; // make sure we will start by reading a line
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531 void yynewstr P((char *s))
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539 { // this replaces the flex-generated parser
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540 int result = NextUnit(&parsePtr);
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541 char *p = parseStart, *q = yytext;
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542 while(p < parsePtr) *q++ = *p++; // copy the matched text to yytext[]
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549 { // [HGM] wrapper for yylex, which treats nesting of parentheses
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550 int symbol, nestingLevel = 0, i=0;
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552 static char buf[256*MSG_SIZ];
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554 do { // eat away anything not at level 0
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556 if(symbol == Open) nestingLevel++;
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557 if(nestingLevel) { // save all parsed text between (and including) the ()
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558 for(p=yytext; *p && i<256*MSG_SIZ-2;) buf[i++] = *p++;
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561 if(symbol == 0) break; // ran into EOF
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562 if(symbol == Close) symbol = Comment, nestingLevel--;
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563 } while(nestingLevel || symbol == Nothing);
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564 yy_text = buf[0] ? buf : (char*)yytext;
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568 ChessMove yylexstr(int boardIndex, char *s, char *buf, int buflen)
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571 char *savPP = parsePtr;
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573 yyboardindex = boardIndex;
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575 ret = (ChessMove) Myylex();
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576 strncpy(buf, yy_text, buflen-1);
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577 buf[buflen-1] = NULLCHAR;
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