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2.1.7 Handicaps

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- -Unlike international chess, shogi has a well-established handicap system -which is used when players of different strengths play against each -other. Handicaps range from small to huge, which makes it possible for -weak players to play against even very strong players and have an even -chance of winning. -

- -Shogi players are ranked as follows: the weakest rank is around 15 -"kyu", which represents a beginner. 14 kyu is higher than 15 kyu, 13 -kyu is higher still, and so on until you get to 1 kyu. The next highest -rank is 1 "dan", followed by 2 dan, 3 dan and so forth. The highest -amateur rank is 6 dan; professionals go up to 9 dan. However, -professional ranks are not the same as amateur ranks; a professional 1 -dan is much stronger than an amateur 1 dan. This system is -similar to that used by go players (and also other Japanese sports such -as karate). -

- -A handicap consists of the stronger player playing White and removing -one or more pieces from his side of the board at the start of the game. -These pieces are permanently removed from play; they are not in hand. -

- -The following is a list of the accepted handicaps, from weakest to -strongest. The degree of the handicap, represented by the position in -the list, represents the difference in rank between the two players for -which the handicap is appropriate. These rules are taken from the books -"Shogi for Beginners" by John Fairbairn and "The Art of Shogi" by -Tony Hoskings (see section 5. References and links) and, I believe, represent -current Japanese practice. -

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  1. -The stronger player removes his left lance (on 1a). -

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  2. -The players play a two-game match; in the first game the stronger player -removes his left lance (on 1a), while in the second game he removes his -bishop. -

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  3. -The stronger player removes his bishop. -

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  4. -The stronger player removes his rook. -

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  5. -The stronger player removes his rook and left lance. -

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  6. -The players play a two-game match; in the first game the stronger player -removes his rook and left lance (on 1a), while in the second game he -removes his rook and bishop. -

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  7. -The stronger player removes his rook and bishop. This is usually called -a "two-piece" handicap. -

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  8. -The stronger player removes his rook, bishop, and both lances. This is -called a "four-piece" handicap. -

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  9. -The stronger player removes his rook, bishop, both lances, and both -knights. This is called a "six-piece" handicap. -

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  10. -The stronger player removes his rook, bishop, both lances, both knights, -and both silvers. This is called an "eight-piece" handicap. -

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- -Another advantage of playing handicap games is that the handicaps alter -the optimal strategy for both players. For instance, handicaps all have -their own opening lines which may bear little or no resemblance to those -used in non-handicap shogi. This means that when learning handicap -shogi, you are essentially learning completely new games which use the -same equipment! -

- -The reader may wonder how on earth a player giving an eight-piece -handicap, say, could possibly hope to win. Don't forget, though, that -in shogi the opponent's pieces can be captured and then become part of -one's own army. Thus, if the opponent plays badly enough, the number of -pieces will soon even out. -

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