X-Git-Url: http://winboard.nl/cgi-bin?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fgnushogi_18.html;h=090d18fb1f8d0586fc10b7946fa36a84bc546023;hb=1aca00e04580e7b3effefa535edb469876ecce74;hp=e6ea7c93b168aae86cafc93e37cd19e208e1f24e;hpb=8ae7e7d1b257ef36d8a9fd1cd88807954ef10764;p=gnushogi.git diff --git a/doc/gnushogi_18.html b/doc/gnushogi_18.html index e6ea7c9..090d18f 100644 --- a/doc/gnushogi_18.html +++ b/doc/gnushogi_18.html @@ -1,543 +1,186 @@ + + + - +GNU Shogi manual: Differences between shogi and chess -GNU Shogi manual - xshogi - - - [Contents] [Back] [Prev] [Up] [Next] [Forward]

- - -

xshogi

- - - -

-This section describes how to run the "xshogi" program. - - -

-SYNOPSIS - - -

-xshogi [ options ] - - -

-DESCRIPTION - - -

-xshogi provides an X11/Xt/Athena Widgets user interface for gnushogi. -With xshogi you can play gnushogi, set up arbitrary positions, force -variations, or watch xshogi manage a game between two shogi programs. -Furthermore, it can be used as an interface between two players on -different displays. - - -

-xshogi can also be used as a shogi board to play out games. It will -read through a game file or allow a player to play through a variation -manually (force mode). This is useful for keeping track of email postal -games or browsing games off the net. - - -

-After starting xshogi, you can make moves by pressing mouse button 1 -while the cursor is over a square with your piece on it and dragging the -mouse to another square. If the move is illegal, gnushogi will not -allow it. xshogi will then retract the move. - - -

-COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS - - -

-The following command line options also correspond to X resources that -you can set in your .Xdefaults file. - - -

`[standard Xt options]' -: -xshogi accepts standard Xt options like -display, -geometry, and --iconic. - -
`-tc or -timeControl minutes[:seconds]' -: -Amount of time for a set of moves determined by movesPerSession. If -this number of moves is played within the time control period, xshogi -resets the time clocks. Default: 5 minutes. - -
`-mps or -movesPerSession moves' -: -Number of moves in a time control period. Default: 40 moves. - -
`-st or -searchTime minutes[:seconds]' -: -Tell gnushogi to spend at most the given amount of time searching for -each of its moves. Without this option, gnushogi chooses its search -time based on the number of moves and amount of time remaining until the -next time control. Setting this option also sets -clockMode to False. - -
`-sd or -searchDepth number' -: -Tell gnushogi to look ahead at most the given number of moves when -searching for a move to make. Without this option, gnushogi chooses -its search depth based on the number of moves and amount of time -remaining until the next time control. Setting this option also sets --clockMode to False. - -
`-clock or -clockMode (True | False)' -: -Determines whether or not to use the clock. If clockMode is False, the -clock does not run, but the side that is to play next is still -highlighted. - -
`-td or -timeDelay seconds' -: -Time delay between moves during "Load Game". This doesn't have to be -a round number. Try -td 0.4. Default: 1 second. - -
`-nsp or -noShogiProgram (True | False)' -: -If this option is True, xshogi acts as a passive shogi board; it does -not try to start a shogi program, not even to check whether moves made -in Force mode are legal. It also sets -clockMode to False. Default: -False. - -
`-fsp or -firstShogiProgram program' -: -Name of first shogi program. In matches between two machines, this -program plays white. Default: "gnushogi". - -
`-ssp or -secondShogiProgram program' -: -Name of second shogi program, if needed. In matches between two -machines, this program plays black; otherwise it is not started. -Default: "gnushogi". - -
`-fh or -firstHost host' -: -Name of host the first shogi program plays on. Default: "localhost". - -
`-sh or -secondHost host' -: -Name of host the second shogi program plays on. Default: "localhost". - -
`-rsh or -remoteShell shell_name' -: -Some systems do not use rsh as the remote shell. This option allows a -user to name the remote shell command. This should be done in the -resource file. - -
`-mm or -matchMode (False | Init | Position | Opening)' -: -Automatically run a game between firstShogiProgram and -secondShogiProgram. If matchMode is set to Init, xshogi will start the -game with the initial shogi position. If matchMode is set to Position, -xshogi will start the game with the position specified by the -loadPositionFile resource. If matchMode is set to Opening, xshogi will -play out the opening moves specified by the -loadGameFile resource. If -the -saveGameFile resource is set, a move record for the match will be -saved in the specified file. Default: "False". - -
`-lgf or -loadGameFile file' -: -Name of file to read a game record from. Game files are found in the -directory named by the SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this variable -is not set, the current directory is used unless the file name starts -with a /. - -
`-lpf or -loadPositionFile file' -: -Name of file to read a game position from. Position files are found in -the directory named by the SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this -variable is not set, the current directory is used unless the file name -starts with a /. - -
`-sgf or -saveGameFile file' -: -Name of file to save a game record to. Game files are saved in the -directory named by the SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this variable -is not set, the current directory is used unless the file name starts -with a /. - -
`-spf or -savePositionFile file' -: -Name of file to save a game position to. Position files are saved in -the directory named by the SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this -variable is not set, the current directory is used unless the file name -starts with a /. - -
`-coords or -showCoords (True | False)' -: -If this option is True, xshogi displays algebraic coordinates along the -board's left and bottom edges. The default is False. The coordFont -resource specifies what font to use. - -
`-mono or -monoMode (True | False)' -: -Determines whether xshogi displays its pieces and squares with two -colors or four. You shouldn't have to specify monochrome. xshogi will -determine if this is necessary. - -
`-wpc or -blackPieceColor color' -: -Color specification for black pieces suitable for XParseColor(3X11). -Default: #FFFFCC. These colors look good on a DEC workstation. If you -need different colors, try using the xcolors application. Source for -xcolors can be found in the X11 contrib directory. - -
`-bpc or -whitePieceColor color' -: -Same for white pieces. Default: #202020. - -
`-lsc or -lightSquareColor color' -: -Same for light squares. Default: #C8C365. - -
`-dsc or -darkSquareColor color' -: -Same for dark squares. Default: #77A26D. - -
`-wps or -westernPieceSet (True | False)' -: -Choose the Western style piece set. - -
`-npb or -normalPawnBitmap file' -: -
`-nnb or -normalKnightBitmap file' -: -
`-nbb or -normalBishopBitmap file' -: -
`-nrb or -normalRookBitmap file' -: -
`-nkb or -normalKingBitmap file' -: -Names of the bitmap files for the bitmap piece icons. - -
`-rpb or -reversePawnBitmap file' -: -
`-rnb or -reverseKnightBitmap file' -: -
`-rbb or -reverseBishopBitmap file' -: -
`-rrb or -reverseRookBitmap file' -: -
`-rkb or -reverseKingBitmap file' -: -Names of the bitmap files for the outline piece icons. - -
`-debug or -debugMode (True | False)' -: -Turns on debugging printout. + + + + + -

- -

-OTHER X RESOURCES - - -

`initString' -: -The actual string that is sent to initialize the shogi program can be -set from .Xdefaults. It can't be set from the command line because of -syntax problems. The default value is "new\nbeep\nrandom\neasy\n". -The "new" and "beep" commands are required. You can remove the -"random" command if you like; including it causes gnushogi to -randomize its move selection slightly so that it doesn't play the same -moves in every game. Even without "random", gnushogi randomizes its -choice of moves from its opening book. You can also remove "easy" if -you like; including it toggles easy mode off, causing gnushogi to think -on your time. That is, if "easy" is included in the initString, GNU -Shogi thinks on your time; if not, it does not. (Yes, this does seem -backwards, doesn't it.) You can also try adding other commands to the -initString; see the gnushogi documentation (see section gnushogi) for -details. - -
`blackString and whiteString' -: -These resources control what is sent when the Machine Black and Machine -White buttons are selected. This is mostly for compatibility with -obsolete versions of gnushogi. - -Alternate bitmaps for piece icons can be specified either by choosing -one of the built-in sets or with the file name resources described -above. There are three built-in sets of piece bitmaps available, large -(the default), medium, or small. It is easiest to select the set you -prefer in the .Xdefaults file: - - XShogi*boardSize: Medium - -The font used for button labels and comments can be changed in the -.Xdefaults file. You may want to choose a smaller font if you are using -the small pieces: - - XShogi*font: helvetica_oblique12 - -The font used for coordinates (when the showCoords option is True) can -be set similarly: - - XShogi*coordFont: helvetica_10 - -If you are using a grayscale monitor, try setting the colors to: - - XShogi*blackPieceColor: gray100
- XShogi*whitePieceColor: gray0
- XShogi*lightSquareColor: gray60
- XShogi*darkSquareColor: gray40 - -

- -

-COMMAND BUTTONS AND KEYS - - -

`Quit' -: -Quits xshogi. Q or q is a keyboard equivalent. - -
`Reset' -: -Resets xshogi to the beginning of a shogi game. It also deselects any -game or position files. - -
`Flip View' -: -inverts the view of the shogi board. - -
`Hint' -: -displays a move hint from gnushogi. - -
`Load Game' -: -plays a game from a record file. If no file is specified a popup dialog -asks for a filename. Game files are found in the directory named by the -SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this variable is not declared then -the current directory is used unless the file name starts with a /. G -or g is a keyboard equivalent. The game file parser will accept almost -any file that contains moves in algebraic notation. If the first line -begins with `#', it is assumed to be a title and is displayed. Text -enclosed in parentheses or square brackets is assumed to be commentary -and is displayed in a pop-up window. Any other text in the file is -ignored. - -
`Load Position' -: -sets up a position from a position file. If no file is specified a -popup dialog asks for a filename. Position files are found in the -directory named by the SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this variable -is not declared then the current directory is used unless the file name -starts with a /. Position files must be in the format that the Save -Position command writes. - -
`Save Game' -: -saves a game to a record file. If no file is specified a popup dialog -asks for a filename. If the filename exists, the user is asked whether -the current game record is be appended to this file or if the file -should be replaced. Game files are saved in the directory named by the -SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this variable is not declared then -the current directory is used unless the file name starts with a /. -Game files are human-readable, and can also be read back by the Load -Game command. Furthermore, they are accepted as gnushogi text bookfiles. - -
`Save Position' -: -saves a position to a position file. If no file is specified a popup -dialog asks for a filename. Position files are saved in the directory -named by the SHOGIDIR environment variable. If this variable is not -declared then the current directory is used unless the file name starts -with a /. Position files are human-readable, and can also be read back -by the Load Position command. - -
`Machine White' -: -forces gnushogi to play white. - -
`Machine Black' -: -forces gnushogi to play black. - -
`Force Moves' -: -forces a series of moves. That is, gnushogi stops playing and xshogi -allows you to make moves for both white and black. - -
`Two Machines' -: -plays a game between two computer programs. - -
`Forward' -: -moves forward through a series of remembered moves. F or f is a -keyboard equivalent. - -
`Backward' -: -moves backward through a series of remembered moves. As a side effect, -puts xshogi into Force Moves mode. B or b is a keyboard equivalent. - -
`Pause' -: -pauses the clocks or (in Load Game mode) pauses the game being loaded. -Press Pause again to continue. P or p is a keyboard equivalent. - -
`Edit Position' -: -lets you set up an arbitrary board position. Use mouse button 1 to drag -pieces to new squares, or to delete a piece by dragging it off the board -or dragging an empty square on top of it. To drop a new piece on a -square, press mouse button 2 or 3 over the square. This brings up a -menu of black pieces (button 2) or white pieces (button 3). Additional -menu choices let you empty the square or clear the board. You can set -the side to play next by clicking on the Black or White indicator at the -top of the screen. - -
`Challenge' -: -allows to make a two display game between two human players. Enter the -display you want to connect to. If you are allowed to connect, a new -board is displayed at the remote display. Challenge mode can only be -stopped by pressing "quit". - -
`Select Level' -: -allows to reset the clocks for both players. Enter the number of moves -and the number of minutes in which the moves should be done. - -
`Move NOW' -: -force computer to stop thinking and to make the current best move. - -
`Iconify I, i, C or c' -: -iconifies xshogi. + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +

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2.5 Differences between shogi and chess

-LIMITATIONS +Some differences between shogi and international chess have been +mentioned elsewhere in this document; I summarize them here for people +who are interested in game comparisons. I won't try to deal with the +thorny question of which game is "better" although my bias may have +already come through :-) In fact, the drop rule makes the two games so +different in character that arguing over which game is better is like +comparing apples to oranges (you'd be better off comparing chess to Chu +shogi (see section 2.4 Shogi variants). However, I believe that if you are a +chess fan you'll really like shogi as well, and shogi is also popular +with many people who don't particularly like chess. +

-If you press the Pause button during GNU Shogi's turn, -xshogi will stop the clocks, but gnushogi will still make a -move. +Here are the significant differences between chess and shogi: +

+In shogi, captured pieces become the property of the capturer and can +re-enter play by being dropped onto almost any vacant square. In chess, +captured pieces are out of the game. Thus, in shogi, piece exchanges +complicate the play significantly while in chess they simplify it.
-After a mate or draw when playing against gnushogi, if you -back up with the Backward button, the clocks are reset -(because gnushogi has exited and must be restarted). - +
+The shogi board is 9x9; the chess board is 8x8.
-The game parser recognizes only algebraic notation. - - -
-AUTHORS - +
+Shogi has five pieces with no counterpart in chess: the gold and silver +generals, the lance, the promoted rook and the promoted bishop. Chess +has one piece with no counterpart in shogi: the queen. The knight's +move in shogi is much more restrictive than in chess. Pieces in shogi +generally have a much smaller range of movement than in chess (unless +they are in hand).
-Original authors of XBoard: Chris Sears and Dan Sears. - +
+In shogi, all pieces except the gold general and the king can promote, +but only to one kind of piece. Promotion is easier in shogi because the +promotion zone is closer to the starting position of the pieces +(especially pawns). In chess, only the pawn can promote, but it can +promote to any other piece except the king.
-Enhancements for XBoard (Version 2.0): Tim Mann. - +
+In shogi, pawns capture the same way they move. There is no initial +two-space pawn move and hence no en-passant captures. In chess, +pawns capture diagonally which means that opposing pawns can block each +other.
-Conversion to XShogi (Version 1.1): Matthias Mutz. - +
+In shogi, you only have one rook and one bishop. Note that the bishop +is not restricted to only one "color" square (squares in shogi aren't +colored, but never mind) because promoted bishops can also move one +square orthogonally.
-Current maintainer: Mike Vanier. - +
+There is no special castling move in shogi. The term "castle" is +used in shogi to denote a defensive formation consisting of (usually) +three generals which protect the king. There are many such castles +(about 40 or so have names). See section 2.2 Sample game.
-COPYRIGHT INFORMATION - +
+Draws are much rarer in shogi than in chess. Perpetual check is not +allowed. Stalemate is a virtual impossibility, and is a loss for the +stalematee.
-XShogi borrows its piece bitmaps from CRANES Shogi. - +
+Since pieces are never out of play in shogi, chess-type endgames +involving only a few pieces do not occur.
-Copyright 1991 by Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts. -Enhancements Copyright 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Enhancements -Copyright 1993 Matthias Mutz. Further enhancements copyright 1999 by -Michael Vanier and the Free Software Foundation, Inc. - +
+Shogi games are generally longer than chess games (about 60-70 moves is +typical).
-The following terms apply to Digital Equipment Corporation's copyright -interest in XBoard: - +
+Shogi has a well-developed handicap system which is in general use; +chess does not.
-All Rights Reserved - +

-Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its -documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, -provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that -both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in -supporting documentation, and that the name of Digital not be used in -advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software -without specific, written prior permission. - -

-DIGITAL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING -ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL -DIGITAL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR -ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, -WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, -ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS -SOFTWARE. +The effects of all these differences on play include (in my opinion): +

+Piece/pawn structures in chess are more rigid than in shogi. Pawns +block each other and pawns, once advanced, cannot ever retreat. In +shogi, you can repair the hole caused by a pawn advance by exchanging +the pawn and dropping it back where you want it. Thus shogi is more +fluid than chess and less "structural".
-The following terms apply to the enhanced version of XShogi distributed -by the Free Software Foundation: - +
+Counterattack is MUCH more common in shogi than in chess. Games +typically end in mutual mating attacks, where each player is trying to +checkmate the other player before being checkmated himself. This makes +tempo incredibly important and also makes sacrificial play quite common.
-This file is part of XSHOGI. - +
+Attacks involving only ranging pieces are more a feature of chess than +of shogi. A shogi attack typically uses a ranging piece or pieces to +support an attack by short-range pieces (especially generals). It is +very rare to mate a king with a non-adjacent ranging piece in shogi +since the player whose king is threatened can almost always interpose by +dropping a piece.
-XSHOGI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT -ANY WARRANTY. No author or distributor accepts responsibility to anyone -for the consequences of using it or for whether it serves any particular -purpose or works at all, unless he says so in writing. Refer to the -XSHOGI General Public License for full details. - +

-Everyone is granted permission to copy, modify and redistribute XSHOGI, -but only under the conditions described in the XSHOGI General Public -License. A copy of this license is supposed to have been given to you -along with XSHOGI so you can know your rights and responsibilities. It -should be in a file named COPYING. Among other things, the copyright -notice and this notice must be preserved on all copies. - -

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+ + + + + + + + + + +