GNU Shogi manual: Promotion of pieces

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2.1.3 Promotion of pieces

+ +

+ +In sharp contrast to international chess, where only pawns can promote +to higher-ranked pieces, most of the pieces in shogi can promote. The +promoted ranks are discussed in the section on piece moves (see section 2.1.1 The moves of the pieces) but are repeated here for reference: +

+ +

Pawn +: promotes to gold general (called a `tokin' in this case only). +
+ +
Lance +: promotes to gold general. +
+ +
Knight +: promotes to gold general. +
-
Winning the game
+
Silver general +: promotes to gold general.
- +
Gold general +: does not promote. +
+ +
Bishop +: promotes to "dragon horse" or just "horse" for short. The horse can +move as a bishop or can move one square in any orthogonal direction. +
+
Rook +: promotes to "dragon king" or just "dragon" for short. The dragon +can move as a rook or can move one square in any diagonal direction.
-A game of shogi is won by capturing the opponent's king. In general, -this is done by checkmating the king: attacking the king in such a way -that the king cannot be defended no matter what the defending player -moves. Note, though, that there is no rule that requires a player to -defend a king which is being attacked. However, if he does not defend -his king, the opponent is entirely free to capture it on the next move, -thus winning the game. As in international chess, in practice most -games end by resignation when one player realizes that he cannot escape -checkmate. +
King +: does not promote. +
+ +

+ +The three ranks furthest away from each player constitute his/her +"promotion zone". A player may, but is not required to, promote a +piece after making a move in which the piece begins and/or ends in the +promotion zone. Thus you can promote a piece when moving the piece into +the promotion zone, out of the promotion zone, or entirely within the +promotion zone. Promotion is mandatory in these cases: +

+ +

You must promote a pawn or a lance after moving it to the last rank. +
+ +
You must promote a knight after moving it to either of the last +two ranks. +
+ +

+ +These forced promotions ensure that a piece cannot be moved to a square +from which it would have no further move. +

+ +Pieces "dropped" onto the board (see section 2.1.4 Drops) always drop in the +unpromoted state, even if they drop into the promotion zone. +

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