Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4629236

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Tweak shogi piece values

shogi STC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 5572 W: 2865 L: 2682 D: 2
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f6110aa6e23db221d9e919c

shogi LTC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 5586 W: 2867 L: 2684 D: 35
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f62fc106e23db221d9e91bb

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4665603

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 5113210

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Revise palace attacks for rook

janggi
Total: 500 W: 268 L: 221 D: 11

Bonus for connected soldiers

janggi
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 644 W: 369 L: 259 D: 16

Penalty for undroppable shogi pawns

shogi STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 5265 W: 2710 L: 2532 D: 23
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5a95fa6e23db221d9e9120

shogi LTC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 3730 W: 1932 L: 1776 D: 22
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5c8fec6e23db221d9e9154

Scale evaluation for material counting

janggi
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1658 W: 873 L: 749 D: 36

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Adjust king PSQT based on pawn rank

shogi STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 865 W: 489 L: 374 D: 2
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5b2c286e23db221d9e9135

shogi LTC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1244 W: 678 L: 558 D: 8
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5b5cf86e23db221d9e9145

Soft limit on king danger

chess STC
LLR: 2.99 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 3531 W: 759 L: 732 D: 2040
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f51e87b6e23db221d9e907f

crazyhouse STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 1630 W: 810 L: 756 D: 64
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f51e8e06e23db221d9e9084

crazyhouse LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 2750 W: 1346 L: 1300 D: 104
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f57249f6e23db221d9e9102

3check STC
LLR: 2.99 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 2896 W: 1369 L: 1325 D: 202
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f51e8c36e23db221d9e9082

3check LTC
LLR: 2.98 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 6016 W: 2783 L: 2762 D: 471
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5724ab6e23db221d9e9104

bench: 4779259

Increase bonus for leapers in hand

shogi STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2062 W: 1091 L: 959 D: 12
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f520b616e23db221d9e90a7

shogi LTC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2069 W: 1095 L: 963 D: 11
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f563b0e6e23db221d9e90f8

crazyhouse STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 3850 W: 1930 L: 1776 D: 144
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f403e706e23db221d9e903c

crazyhouse LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 6821 W: 3352 L: 3156 D: 313
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f520be76e23db221d9e90a9

Added functionality to ffish.js (closes #177)
+ board.fullmoveNumber()
+ board.isCheck()
+ board.isBikjang()
+ board.sanMove(notation)
+ board.variationSan(uciMoves)
+ board.variationSan(uciMoves, notation)
+ board.variationSan(uciMoves, notation, moveNumbers)
+ enum ffish.Notation
+ ffish.setOption()
+ ffish.setOptionInt()
+ ffish.setOptionBool()
+ ES6 module export

Evaluate ungatable pieces in Seirawan

Always evaluate space bonus for slow variants

makruk STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 908 W: 111 L: 51 D: 746
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5203ed6e23db221d9e90a2

makruk LTC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 839 W: 82 L: 25 D: 732
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5387446e23db221d9e90e6

shatranj STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1180 W: 143 L: 81 D: 956
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5204066e23db221d9e90a5

shatranj LTC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1026 W: 113 L: 53 D: 860
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f53ab6a6e23db221d9e90ea

losalamos STC
LLR: 3.00 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 1171 W: 312 L: 272 D: 587
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f5295db6e23db221d9e90bd

Revert repetition handling for janggimodern

For better compatibility with rules in Kakao Janggi,
revert the repetition handling for janggimodern.

This does not affect the other Janggi rulesets.

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4379669

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4839910

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4777225

Consider material density in king safety

Scale king danger of drop variants by material density
and thereby remove magic correction factors.

euroshogi STC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2735 W: 1417 L: 1276 D: 42
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f3fd4266e23db221d9e902e

euroshogi LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1427 W: 760 L: 639 D: 28
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f46e1076e23db221d9e9045

shogi STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 6037 W: 3098 L: 2909 D: 30
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f3fabca6e23db221d9e9013

shogi LTC
LLR: 2.98 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 917 W: 487 L: 425 D: 5
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f46b5236e23db221d9e9043

judkins STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2936 W: 1430 L: 1292 D: 214
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f3fd48d6e23db221d9e9030

added -DLARGEBOARDS support

Tweak king proximity

shogi STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2506 W: 1314 L: 1176 D: 16
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f3fb2cb6e23db221d9e9018

shogi LTC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 976 W: 546 L: 429 D: 1
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f435c1e6e23db221d9e903e

crazyhouse STC
LLR: -2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 18825 W: 9170 L: 8999 D: 656
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5ee348126e23db104fb88ada

crazyhouse LTC
LLR: -2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 13908 W: 6715 L: 6614 D: 579
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5ee68ebb6e23db104fb88bad

Merge official-stockfish/master

updated ffish.js for initial npm version
+ added ffish.info() with test
+ added ES6 compile instructions to README.md
+ updated package.json

Fix pieceToCharTable for Janus

Thanks to @alwey for reporting.

Fix undo_move for arrow gating

Exclude Game of the Amazons by default

Avoids big stack size for standard builds.

Support Game of the Amazons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_of_the_Amazons

bench: 4413936

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 5082623

Simplify handling special riders

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Fix pseudo-legal move validation for Janggi

Closes #170.

Speed up perft tests in Travis CI

Fix Visual Studio linker error

Closes #169.

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4822192

Merge official-stockfish/master

Merge new time management.

Disable shallow depth pruning of captures

giveaway STC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 733 W: 315 L: 224 D: 194
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f300b6e6e23db104fb88ea3

giveaway LTC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1300 W: 522 L: 424 D: 354
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f3013386e23db104fb88eb2

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4877370

Merge official-stockfish/master

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4988792

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4542650

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 5678334

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4959597

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Tweak LMR for drop variants

crazyhouse STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 27169 W: 13361 L: 12871 D: 937
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f13332a6e23db104fb88e04

crazyhouse LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2197 W: 1118 L: 988 D: 91
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f1415e26e23db104fb88e17

Update readme

Support Ataxx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxx

bench: 5499014

Clear move deque on setboard

Prevent undefined behavior on `undo` in CECP.

Closes #165.

Double mobility bonus for nCheck

3check STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2999 W: 1487 L: 1347 D: 165
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f1449956e23db104fb88e31

3check LTC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 3080 W: 1500 L: 1360 D: 220
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f15f4096e23db104fb88e3f

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 4507590

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 5255035

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 5126336

Merge official-stockfish/master

No functional change.

Merge official-stockfish/master

Merge official-stockfish/master

bench: 5054568

Update reference bench

bench: 4964428

Tweak futility pruning for extinction variants

extinction STC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 312 W: 196 L: 96 D: 20
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f0ac6906e23db104fb88d83

extinction LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 491 W: 258 L: 162 D: 71
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f0af0ff6e23db104fb88d92

threekings STC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 250 W: 89 L: 23 D: 138
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f0ac6ac6e23db104fb88d86

threekings LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 179 W: 71 L: 9 D: 99
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f0af0f46e23db104fb88d90

kinglet STC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 735 W: 373 L: 271 D: 91
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5f0af14f6e23db104fb88d94

Simplify make_promotions()

Remove special case handling of QUIET_CHECKS in make_promotions()

STC https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5f055dbb59f6f035328945fb
LLR: 2.98 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 42808 W: 8177 L: 8054 D: 26577
Ptnml(0-2): 665, 4890, 10201, 4953, 695

LTC https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5f06231a59f6f03532894661
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 9616 W: 1214 L: 1111 D: 7291
Ptnml(0-2): 53, 821, 2965, 908, 61

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2800

Bench: 4576410

Connected / blocked pawns simplification

There is no need to score blocked pawns at many places.
The idea originated from: Rocky
Tuning and testing by: Fauzi

Passed STC:
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5f04f8fd59f6f035328945d4
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 6352 W: 1299 L: 1118 D: 3935
Ptnml(0-2): 89, 695, 1469, 792, 131

Passed LTC:
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5f0527bd59f6f035328945e3
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 27648 W: 3517 L: 3433 D: 20698
Ptnml(0-2): 177, 2561, 8301, 2571, 214

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2799

Bench: 4734746

Clean-up en passant processing

the goal of this PR is to better document how we process
the ep square (if any) given position fen command, and to
output more meaningful (and consistent) debug fen on the "d"
command. The implementation follows
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-FEN#Encoding_en-passant
following x-fen, it is "valid" to record ep even if ep would put king en prise.

fixes #2784

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2797

No functional change

Add version() to pyffish

Add a rank based bonus for blocked pawns.

Fix for overevaluated blocked pawns on the 5th and 6th rank.
This is a rewrite of the original idea that uses only two parameters.
Thanks to rocky640 for pointing this out.

STC:
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-0.50,1.50}
Total: 50800 W: 9707 L: 9446 D: 31647
Ptnml(0-2): 831, 5851, 11822, 6018, 878
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5f00b4f359f6f03532894304

LTC:
LLR: 2.93 (-2.94,2.94) {0.25,1.75}
Total: 52064 W: 6477 L: 6167 D: 39420
Ptnml(0-2): 331, 4628, 15834, 4878, 361
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5f0115fe59f6f03532894345

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2794

Bench: 4882833

denormalize KRKP.

a non-functional code style change that denormalizes the KRKP endgame,
making it somewhat easier to read.

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2786

No functional change

xboard: add engine version to 'myname' feature

Tweak evaluation of stable disks

reversi
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 624 W: 351 L: 244 D: 29

Extend definition of stable disks

reversi
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 422 W: 255 L: 150 D: 17

Evaluate potential piece flips

reversi
LLR: 3.00 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 268 W: 178 L: 76 D: 14

Remove passed pawn condition.

This will help scale down relatively high eval in drawish rook endgames with passed pawn like in TCEC S18 Superfinal Game 90.

Passed STC
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 50456 W: 9644 L: 9540 D: 31272
Ptnml(0-2): 760, 5637, 12332, 5737, 762
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5efcb76e59f6f035328940ed

Passed LTC
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 77264 W: 9518 L: 9518 D: 58228
Ptnml(0-2): 402, 6766, 24321, 6716, 427
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5efd2ad759f6f03532894143

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2792

Bench: 4431626

Set UCI_ShowWDL by default to false

UCI_ShowWDL might not be shown by GUIs that don't know the option,
but crash on the WDL output, effectively making it hard for users to
turn it off and run the engine. This sets it by default to false.

fixes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/issues/2787

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2788

No functional change.

Use arrays

for safe checks, outposts and king protectors in evaluate.cpp

Tested for non regression on the safe checks
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef8b75c020eec13834a9596
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 22256 W: 4283 L: 4143 D: 13830
Ptnml(0-2): 291, 2439, 5588, 2459, 351

Tested for non regression on the safe checks, outposts and king protectors
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef8e543020eec13834a95e7
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 28400 W: 5382 L: 5253 D: 17765
Ptnml(0-2): 394, 3078, 7119, 3223, 386

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2785

No functional change

Skip NMP for reversi

reversi
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 280 W: 174 L: 78 D: 28

Reduce value of immobile piece

reversi
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 244 W: 165 L: 65 D: 14

Tweak drop mobility

reversi
Total: 100 W: 99 L: 1 D: 0

Bonus for corner squares

reversi
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 104 W: 100 L: 3 D: 1

Support Othello/Reversi

Decrease mobility bonus for fairy pieces

seirawan STC
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1991 W: 763 L: 657 D: 571
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5efa2fb26e23db104fb88c8b

seirawan LTC
LLR: 3.11 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1552 W: 559 L: 459 D: 534
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5efb8cb86e23db104fb88ca7

shatranj STC
LLR: 2.98 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1656 W: 200 L: 134 D: 1322
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5efb1d676e23db104fb88c92

shatranj LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 1482 W: 165 L: 102 D: 1215
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5efb8cd16e23db104fb88ca9

makruk STC
LLR: 3.00 (-2.94,2.94) [-10.00,5.00]
Total: 6773 W: 519 L: 495 D: 5759
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5efb489a6e23db104fb88c9b

Update readme

Provide WDL statistics

A number of engines, GUIs and tournaments start to report WDL estimates
along or instead of scores. This patch enables reporting of those stats
in a more or less standard way (http://www.talkchess.com/forum3/viewtopic.php?t=72140)

The model this reporting uses is based on data derived from a few million fishtest LTC games,
given a score and a game ply, a win rate is provided that matches rather closely,
especially in the intermediate range [0.05, 0.95] that data. Some data is shown at
https://github.com/glinscott/fishtest/wiki/UsefulData#win-loss-draw-statistics-of-ltc-games-on-fishtest
Making the conversion game ply dependent is important for a good fit, and is in line
with experience that a +1 score in the early midgame is more likely a win than in the late endgame.

Even when enabled, the printing of the info causes no significant overhead.

Passed STC:
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 197112 W: 37226 L: 37347 D: 122539
Ptnml(0-2): 2591, 21025, 51464, 20866, 2610
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef79ef4f993893290cc146b

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2778

No functional change

Tweak endgame scale factor

makruk STC
LLR: 2.99 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 2918 W: 272 L: 203 D: 2443
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5ef3c19a6e23db104fb88c5f

makruk LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 8027 W: 495 L: 416 D: 7116
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5ef3c8db6e23db104fb88c68

Tweak single queen endgame scaling.

Increase scaling factor for each minor of the opponent side of the queen.

STC:
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-0.50,1.50}
Total: 14528 W: 2860 L: 2653 D: 9015
Ptnml(0-2): 217, 1632, 3408, 1741, 266
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef98384020eec13834a96a0

LTC:
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) {0.25,1.75}
Total: 34584 W: 4371 L: 4111 D: 26102
Ptnml(0-2): 205, 3080, 10501, 3262, 244
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef99972020eec13834a96c9

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2782

Bench: 4523573

Fix link in readme

Add ffish.js to readme

Added initial version of ffish.js

Scale down eval for queen imbalance

We lower the endgame value of the evaluation when we detect that there
is only one queen left on the board (more precisely, we use a scale
factor of 37/64, or about 0.58, for the endgame part of the evaluation).
Hopefully this helps a little bit for the assessment of positions with
queen imbalance, which are one of the well-known Stockfish weaknesses.

STC:
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-0.50,1.50}
Total: 21600 W: 4176 L: 3955 D: 13469
Ptnml(0-2): 351, 2457, 5003, 2598, 391
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef871b6020eec13834a94e8

LTC:
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) {0.25,1.75}
Total: 248328 W: 30596 L: 29720 D: 188012
Ptnml(0-2): 1544, 22345, 75665, 22911, 1699
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef87aec020eec13834a94fe

Closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2781

Bench: 4441323

Scale down eval for drawish rook endgames.

STC:
LLR: 2.96 (-2.94,2.94) {-0.50,1.50}
Total: 82136 W: 15694 L: 15407 D: 51035
Ptnml(0-2): 1076, 8960, 20767, 9131, 1134
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef86cf8020eec13834a94dd

LTC:
LLR: 2.93 (-2.94,2.94) {0.25,1.75}
Total: 70200 W: 8787 L: 8440 D: 52973
Ptnml(0-2): 325, 5983, 22170, 6264, 358
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef88225020eec13834a950a

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2780

Bench: 4478869

Increase value of pawns on fifth rank

This patch increases the endgame value of pawns on the fifth rank.
The increase is very small (+1 evaluation point, about 0.005 pawn)
for the pawns on external columns (a-b-c-f-g-h) and a bit bigger
(+7 evaluation points, about 0.033 pawn) for the pawns on d5/e5.

STC:
LLR: 2.93 (-2.94,2.94) {-0.50,1.50}
Total: 79864 W: 15331 L: 15027 D: 49506
Ptnml(0-2): 1336, 9284, 18433, 9498, 1381
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef73e2ef993893290cc0c47

LTC:
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {0.25,1.75}
Total: 47240 W: 5927 L: 5630 D: 35683
Ptnml(0-2): 320, 4133, 14440, 4384, 343
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef7c0c4f993893290cc14b7

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2776

Bench: 4794633

Remove old zobrist trick for castling rights

Removes an 8 year old micro optimization aimed at 32-bit architectures
because back then doing an xor of a Key could not be done in one instruction.
See original commit here 821e1c7

STC https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef5833dde213bf647527d0c
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 162648 W: 31053 L: 31097 D: 100498
Ptnml(0-2): 2841, 18966, 37715, 19000, 2802

LTC https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef7b1bbf993893290cc1489
LLR: 2.93 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 62360 W: 7617 L: 7586 D: 47157
Ptnml(0-2): 423, 5662, 18994, 5663, 438

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2775

bench: 4591425

Fix fragile code to use proper random 64 bit keys.

This fixes an old issue where we want to make a position unique but only
change a small number of bits in the key instead of all 64 of them randomly.
This is fragile and can lead to non uniqueness issues in the TT.

Key make_key(uint64_t seed) takes any integer and produces a unique random 64 bit key.
It is computationally efficient and is based on a congruential pseudo random number
generator using well tested constants by Donald Knuth
(see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator)

STC https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef6c78f761b685b4c724bb6
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 154320 W: 29343 L: 29376 D: 95601
Ptnml(0-2): 2543, 18170, 35891, 17889, 2667

LTC https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5ef7d1a9020eec13834a940e
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) {-1.50,0.50}
Total: 53488 W: 6629 L: 6584 D: 40275
Ptnml(0-2): 372, 4878, 16183, 4955, 356

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2773

bench: 4626776

Tweak futility pruning at parent node

3check STC
LLR: 2.97 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 3951 W: 1916 L: 1763 D: 272
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5eed14286e23db104fb88bee

3check LTC
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [0.00,10.00]
Total: 10074 W: 4762 L: 4523 D: 789
http://www.variantfishtest.org:6543/tests/view/5eefa6e56e23db104fb88c44

Further simplification of variant definitions

No functional change.