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+<TITLE>GNU Shogi manual: Draws</TITLE>
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-<TITLE>GNU Shogi manual - Notes for chess players</TITLE>
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+<H3> 2.1.6 Draws </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC12::-->
+<P>
+
+There are very few draws in shogi; only about 1-2% of professional games
+end in a draw. One reason for this is that material can never be
+depleted as in chess, because captured pieces are constantly re-entering
+play as a consequence of the drop rule. In fact, most of the ways a
+game can be drawn in chess are not allowed in shogi:
+</P><P>
-<H3><A NAME="SEC15">Notes for chess players</A></H3>
+<UL>
+<LI>Draws cannot be offered.
<P>
-Here are a few miscellaneous things that may confuse chess players.
-Some of these have been mentioned elsewhere, but they bear repeating.
+<LI>There is no fifty-move rule.
+<P>
+<LI>A stalemate counts as a win for the stalemater. Stated otherwise:
+if you can't move, you lose.
+<P>
-<OL>
-<LI>There is no queen.
+<LI>Perpetual check is illegal (see below).
+<P>
-<LI>Pawns capture the same way they move. There is no initial
+</UL>
+<P>
-two-space pawn move and no <EM>en-passant</EM> move.
+There are only two legal ways in which a draw can occur:
+</P><P>
-<LI>There is no special castling move. There <EM>are</EM> a large
+<OL>
-number of possible defensive formations referred to as "castles"
-(see section <A HREF="gnushogi_13.html#SEC16">Sample game</A>) but there is no need for special moves to create
-them.
+<LI>A position (including the pieces in hand) occurs 4 times with the same
+player to move (called "Sennichite"). However, if this is caused by
+consecutive checks (direct attacks on the King, threatening to capture
+it on the next move) by one side, the player giving these checks loses
+the game. In other words, perpetual check results in a loss for the
+attacker who recreates the same position the 4th time.
+<P>
-<LI>A given piece can only promote to <EM>one</EM> other kind of piece.
+<LI>Both players have moved their King into the the promotion zone (or they
+cannot be prevented from doing so) and the Kings cannot be checkmated.
+A King who has entered the promotion zone is known as an "entering
+King"; due to the forward orientation of most shogi pieces, it is very
+hard to mate such a King. In that case the players may decide to count
+their pieces as follows: the King does not count, the Rook and Bishop
+count as 5 points, and all other pieces as one point. Promotion is
+disregarded. If both players have at least 24 points the game is a draw
+(called "Jishogi"). If a player has less, he loses the game.
+<P>
+
+Of course, a player can refuse to count pieces when he still has mating
+chances or chances to gain material which would affect the outcome of
+the counting. There is no strict rule about what to do if this is not
+the case, but nonetheless a player refuses to count up (e.g. because he
+does not have enough points for a draw). It has been generally accepted
+that in such a case the game ends and the pieces are counted after one
+player has managed to get all his pieces protected in the promotion
+zone.
+</P><P>
</OL>
+<P>
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