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-<H2> 2.5 Differences between shogi and chess </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC18::-->
-<P>
-
-Some differences between shogi and international chess have been
-mentioned elsewhere in this document; I summarize them here for people
-who are interested in game comparisons. I won't try to deal with the
-thorny question of which game is "better" although my bias may have
-already come through :-) In fact, the drop rule makes the two games so
-different in character that arguing over which game is better is like
-comparing apples to oranges (you'd be better off comparing chess to Chu
-shogi (see section <A HREF="gnushogi_17.html#SEC17">2.4 Shogi variants</A>). However, I believe that if you are a
-chess fan you'll really like shogi as well, and shogi is also popular
-with many people who don't particularly like chess.
-</P><P>
-
-Here are the significant differences between chess and shogi:
-</P><P>
-
-<OL>
-
-<LI>
-In shogi, captured pieces become the property of the capturer and can
-re-enter play by being dropped onto almost any vacant square. In chess,
-captured pieces are out of the game. Thus, in shogi, piece exchanges
-complicate the play significantly while in chess they simplify it.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-The shogi board is 9x9; the chess board is 8x8.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-Shogi has five pieces with no counterpart in chess: the gold and silver
-generals, the lance, the promoted rook and the promoted bishop. Chess
-has one piece with no counterpart in shogi: the queen. The knight's
-move in shogi is much more restrictive than in chess. Pieces in shogi
-generally have a much smaller range of movement than in chess (unless
-they are in hand).
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-In shogi, all pieces except the gold general and the king can promote,
-but only to one kind of piece. Promotion is easier in shogi because the
-promotion zone is closer to the starting position of the pieces
-(especially pawns). In chess, only the pawn can promote, but it can
-promote to any other piece except the king.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-In shogi, pawns capture the same way they move. There is no initial
-two-space pawn move and hence no <EM>en-passant</EM> captures. In chess,
-pawns capture diagonally which means that opposing pawns can block each
-other.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-In shogi, you only have one rook and one bishop. Note that the bishop
-is not restricted to only one "color" square (squares in shogi aren't
-colored, but never mind) because promoted bishops can also move one
-square orthogonally.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-There is no special castling move in shogi. The term "castle" is
-used in shogi to denote a defensive formation consisting of (usually)
-three generals which protect the king. There are many such castles
-(about 40 or so have names). See section <A HREF="gnushogi_15.html#SEC15">2.2 Sample game</A>.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-Draws are much rarer in shogi than in chess. Perpetual check is not
-allowed. Stalemate is a virtual impossibility, and is a loss for the
-stalematee.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-Since pieces are never out of play in shogi, chess-type endgames
-involving only a few pieces do not occur.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-Shogi games are generally longer than chess games (about 60-70 moves is
-typical).
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-Shogi has a well-developed handicap system which is in general use;
-chess does not.
-<P>
-
-</OL>
-<P>
-
-The effects of all these differences on play include (in my opinion):
-</P><P>
-
-<OL>
-
-<LI>
-Piece/pawn structures in chess are more rigid than in shogi. Pawns
-block each other and pawns, once advanced, cannot ever retreat. In
-shogi, you can repair the hole caused by a pawn advance by exchanging
-the pawn and dropping it back where you want it. Thus shogi is more
-fluid than chess and less "structural".
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-Counterattack is MUCH more common in shogi than in chess. Games
-typically end in mutual mating attacks, where each player is trying to
-checkmate the other player before being checkmated himself. This makes
-tempo incredibly important and also makes sacrificial play quite common.
-<P>
-
-<LI>
-Attacks involving only ranging pieces are more a feature of chess than
-of shogi. A shogi attack typically uses a ranging piece or pieces to
-support an attack by short-range pieces (especially generals). It is
-very rare to mate a king with a non-adjacent ranging piece in shogi
-since the player whose king is threatened can almost always interpose by
-dropping a piece.
-<P>
-
-</OL>
-<P>
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