GNU Shogi manual

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+GNU Shogi manual: Drops + + + + + -

Draws

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2.1.4 Drops

-There are very few draws in shogi; only about 1-2% of professional games -end in a draw. One reason for this is that material can never be -depleted as in chess, because captured pieces are constantly re-entering -play as a consequence of the drop rule. In fact, most of the ways a -game can be drawn in chess are not allowed in shogi: - - - -

Draws cannot be offered. -
There is no fifty-move rule. +When a player captures a piece, that piece is not removed from play. +Instead, it becomes the property of the capturer and can re-enter play +by being placed on (almost) any vacant square during the player's move. +This is known as a "drop" and counts as a full move (in other words, +you can either move a piece on the board or drop a piece onto the board +during your move, but not both). All pieces drop in the unpromoted +state. Pieces may be legally dropped in their promotion zone, but they +do not promote on that turn. +
-
A stalemate counts as a win for the stalemater. Stated otherwise: +There are several restrictions on drops: +
-if you can't move, you lose. - -
Perpetual check is illegal (see below). - -

A pawn may not be dropped onto a file if there is already an +unpromoted pawn belonging to the same player on that file. It is legal +to drop a pawn on a file which contains a promoted pawn belonging +to the same player, however.
-There are only two legal ways in which a draw can occur: - - -
1. A pawn may not be dropped to give immediate checkmate on the +move. A pawn is, however, permitted to be moved on the board to give +immediate checkmate. This is a curious rule, and if anyone knows the +reason for it I would appreciate it if they would contact me and explain +it to me :-) +
  -
2. A position (including the pieces in hand) occurs 4 times with the same - -player to move (called "Sennichite"). However, if this is caused by -consecutive checks (direct attacks on the King, threatening to capture -it on the next move) by one side, the player giving these checks loses -the game. In other words, perpetual check results in a loss for the -attacker who recreates the same position the 4th time. - -
3. Both players have moved their King into the the promotion zone (or they - -cannot be prevented from doing so) and the Kings cannot be checkmated. -A King who has entered the promotion zone is known as an "entering -King"; due to the forward orientation of most shogi pieces, it is very -hard to mate such a King. In that case the players may decide to count -their pieces as follows: the King does not count, the Rook and Bishop -count as 5 points, and all other pieces as one point. Promotion is -disregarded. If both players have at least 24 points the game is a draw -(called "Jishogi"). If a player has less, he loses the game. - -Of course, a player can refuse to count pieces when he still has mating -chances or chances to gain material which would affect the outcome of -the counting. There is no strict rule about what to do if this is not -the case, but nonetheless a player refuses to count up (e.g. because he -does not have enough points for a draw). It has been generally accepted -that in such a case the game ends and the pieces are counted after one -player has managed to get all his pieces protected in the promotion -zone. +
4. A pawn or piece may not be dropped onto a square from which they +would have no legal move. This means that pawns and lances may not be +dropped onto the last rank, and the knight may not be dropped onto the +last or second-to-last rank. +
+
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- [Contents] [Back] [Prev] [Up] [Next] [Forward] +It is entirely permissible (and often advisable) to drop a piece or pawn +between one's King and an attacking ranging piece. For this reason, +the final checkmating move is nearly always an attack on the King from +an adjacent square (except for an attack by a Knight). +
+ +Captured pieces are said to be pieces "in hand". +
+ +The drop is the primary distinguishing feature of Japanese chess, shared +with no other popular chess-type game. It gives shogi a very aggressive +quality, and dramatically increases the number of possible moves once a +few pieces have been captured. Another interesting feature of shogi is +that exchanges complicate play rather than simplifying it (as in +international chess), because of the drop rule. +
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+ +This document was generated +by Michael C. Vanier on July, 7 2004 +using texi2html