Regularize Chu-Shogi piece assignment
[xboard.git] / moves.c
diff --git a/moves.c b/moves.c
index 2a017c3..a53ca59 100644 (file)
--- a/moves.c
+++ b/moves.c
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
  * Massachusetts.
  *
  * Enhancements Copyright 1992-2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
- * 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ * 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Free
+ * Software Foundation, Inc.
  *
  * Enhancements Copyright 2005 Alessandro Scotti
  *
 #include "config.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #if HAVE_STRING_H
 # include <string.h>
 #else /* not HAVE_STRING_H */
 # include <strings.h>
 #endif /* not HAVE_STRING_H */
 #include "common.h"
-#include "backend.h" 
+#include "backend.h"
 #include "moves.h"
 #include "parser.h"
 
@@ -69,23 +72,34 @@ int BlackPiece P((ChessSquare));
 int SameColor P((ChessSquare, ChessSquare));
 int PosFlags(int index);
 
-extern signed char initialRights[BOARD_SIZE]; /* [HGM] all rights enabled, set in InitPosition */
-
-
-int WhitePiece(piece)
-     ChessSquare piece;
+int quickFlag;
+char *pieceDesc[EmptySquare];
+char *defaultDesc[EmptySquare] = {
+ "fmWfceFifmnD", "N", "B", "R", "Q",
+ "F", "A", "BN", "RN", "W", "K",
+ "mRcpR", "N0", "BW", "RF", "gQ",
+ "", "", "QN", "", "N", "",
+ "", "", "", "", "",
+ "", "", "", "", "", "",
+ "", "", "", "", "",
+ "", "", "", "", "", "K"
+};
+
+int
+WhitePiece (ChessSquare piece)
 {
     return (int) piece >= (int) WhitePawn && (int) piece < (int) BlackPawn;
 }
 
-int BlackPiece(piece)
-     ChessSquare piece;
+int
+BlackPiece (ChessSquare piece)
 {
     return (int) piece >= (int) BlackPawn && (int) piece < (int) EmptySquare;
 }
 
-int SameColor(piece1, piece2)
-     ChessSquare piece1, piece2;
+#if 0
+int
+SameColor (ChessSquare piece1, ChessSquare piece2)
 {
     return ((int) piece1 >= (int) WhitePawn &&   /* [HGM] can be > King ! */
             (int) piece1 <  (int) BlackPawn &&
@@ -96,144 +110,80 @@ int SameColor(piece1, piece2)
            (int) piece2 >= (int) BlackPawn &&
             (int) piece2 <  (int) EmptySquare);
 }
+#else
+#define SameColor(piece1, piece2) (piece1 < EmptySquare && piece2 < EmptySquare && (piece1 < BlackPawn) == (piece2 < BlackPawn) || piece1 == DarkSquare || piece2 == DarkSquare)
+#endif
 
-ChessSquare PromoPiece(moveType)
-     ChessMove moveType;
-{
-    switch (moveType) {
-      default:
-       return EmptySquare;
-      case WhitePromotionQueen:
-       return WhiteQueen;
-      case BlackPromotionQueen:
-       return BlackQueen;
-      case WhitePromotionRook:
-       return WhiteRook;
-      case BlackPromotionRook:
-       return BlackRook;
-      case WhitePromotionBishop:
-       return WhiteBishop;
-      case BlackPromotionBishop:
-       return BlackBishop;
-      case WhitePromotionKnight:
-       return WhiteKnight;
-      case BlackPromotionKnight:
-       return BlackKnight;
-      case WhitePromotionKing:
-       return WhiteKing;
-      case BlackPromotionKing:
-       return BlackKing;
-      case WhitePromotionChancellor:
-        return WhiteMarshall;
-      case BlackPromotionChancellor:
-        return BlackMarshall;
-      case WhitePromotionArchbishop:
-        return WhiteAngel;
-      case BlackPromotionArchbishop:
-        return BlackAngel;
-      case WhitePromotionCentaur:
-        return WhiteSilver;
-      case BlackPromotionCentaur:
-        return BlackSilver;
-    }
-}
-
-char pieceToChar[] = {
-                        'P', 'N', 'B', 'R', 'Q', 'F', 'E', 'A', 'C', 'W', 'M', 
+unsigned char pieceToChar[EmptySquare+1] = {
+                        'P', 'N', 'B', 'R', 'Q', 'F', 'E', 'A', 'C', 'W', 'M',
                         'O', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'G', 'D', 'V', 'L', 'S', 'U', 'K',
-                        'p', 'n', 'b', 'r', 'q', 'f', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'w', 'm', 
-                        'o', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'g', 'd', 'v', 'l', 's', 'u', 'k', 
+                        'p', 'n', 'b', 'r', 'q', 'f', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'w', 'm',
+                        'o', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'g', 'd', 'v', 'l', 's', 'u', 'k',
                         'x' };
+unsigned char pieceNickName[EmptySquare];
+int promoPartner[EmptySquare];
+
+char
+PieceToChar (ChessSquare p)
+{
+    int c;
+    if((int)p < 0 || (int)p >= (int)EmptySquare) return('?'); /* [HGM] for safety */
+    c = pieceToChar[(int) p];
+    if(c & 128) c = c & 63 | 64;
+    return c;
+}
 
-char PieceToChar(p)
-     ChessSquare p;
+char
+PieceSuffix (ChessSquare p)
 {
-    if((int)p < 0 || (int)p >= (int)EmptySquare) return('x'); /* [HGM] for safety */
-    return pieceToChar[(int) p];
+    int c;
+    if((int)p < 0 || (int)p >= (int)EmptySquare) return 0; /* [HGM] for safety */
+    c = pieceToChar[(int) p];
+    if(c < 128) return 0;
+    return SUFFIXES[c - 128 >> 6];
 }
 
-int PieceToNumber(p)  /* [HGM] holdings: count piece type, ignoring non-participating piece types */
-     ChessSquare p;
+int
+PieceToNumber (ChessSquare p)  /* [HGM] holdings: count piece type, ignoring non-participating piece types */
 {
     int i=0;
     ChessSquare start = (int)p >= (int)BlackPawn ? BlackPawn : WhitePawn;
 
-    while(start++ != p) if(pieceToChar[(int)start-1] != '.') i++;
+    while(start++ != p) if(pieceToChar[start-1] != '.' && pieceToChar[start-1] != '+') i++;
     return i;
 }
 
-ChessSquare CharToPiece(c)
-     int c;
+ChessSquare
+CharToPiece (int c)
 {
      int i;
+     if(c == '.') return EmptySquare;
+     for(i=0; i< (int) EmptySquare; i++)
+          if(pieceNickName[i] == c) return (ChessSquare) i;
      for(i=0; i< (int) EmptySquare; i++)
           if(pieceToChar[i] == c) return (ChessSquare) i;
      return EmptySquare;
 }
 
-ChessMove PromoCharToMoveType(whiteOnMove, promoChar)
-     int whiteOnMove;
-     int promoChar;
-{      /* [HGM] made dependent on CharToPiece to alow alternate piece letters */
-       ChessSquare piece = CharToPiece(whiteOnMove ? ToUpper(promoChar) : ToLower(promoChar) );
-
-
-       if(promoChar == NULLCHAR) return NormalMove;
-
-       switch(piece) {
-               case WhiteQueen:
-                       return WhitePromotionQueen;
-               case WhiteRook:
-                       return WhitePromotionRook;
-               case WhiteBishop:
-                       return WhitePromotionBishop;
-               case WhiteKnight:
-                       return WhitePromotionKnight;
-               case WhiteKing:
-                       return WhitePromotionKing;
-               case WhiteAngel:
-                       return WhitePromotionArchbishop;
-               case WhiteMarshall:
-                       return WhitePromotionChancellor;
-               case WhiteSilver:
-                       return WhitePromotionCentaur;
-               case BlackQueen:
-                       return BlackPromotionQueen;
-               case BlackRook:
-                       return BlackPromotionRook;
-               case BlackBishop:
-                       return BlackPromotionBishop;
-               case BlackKnight:
-                       return BlackPromotionKnight;
-               case BlackKing:
-                       return BlackPromotionKing;
-               case BlackAngel:
-                       return BlackPromotionArchbishop;
-               case BlackMarshall:
-                       return BlackPromotionChancellor;
-               case BlackSilver:
-                       return BlackPromotionCentaur;
-               default:
-                       // not all promotion implemented yet! Take Queen for those we don't know.
-                       return (whiteOnMove ? WhitePromotionQueen : BlackPromotionQueen);
-       }
-}
-
-void CopyBoard(to, from)
-     Board to, from;
+void
+CopyBoard (Board to, Board from)
 {
     int i, j;
-    
+
     for (i = 0; i < BOARD_HEIGHT; i++)
       for (j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++)
        to[i][j] = from[i][j];
+    for (j = 0; j < BOARD_FILES; j++) // [HGM] gamestate: copy castling rights and ep status
+       to[VIRGIN][j] = from[VIRGIN][j],
+       to[CASTLING][j] = from[CASTLING][j];
+    to[HOLDINGS_SET] = 0; // flag used in ICS play
 }
 
-int CompareBoards(board1, board2)
-     Board board1, board2;
+int
+CompareBoards (Board board1, Board board2)
 {
     int i, j;
-    
+
     for (i = 0; i < BOARD_HEIGHT; i++)
       for (j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++) {
          if (board1[i][j] != board2[i][j])
@@ -242,6 +192,542 @@ int CompareBoards(board1, board2)
     return TRUE;
 }
 
+char defaultName[] = "PNBRQ......................................K"  // white
+                     "pnbrq......................................k"; // black
+char shogiName[]   = "PNBRLS...G.++++++..........................K"  // white
+                     "pnbrls...g.++++++..........................k"; // black
+char xqName[]      = "PH.R.AE..K.C................................"  // white
+                     "ph.r.ae..k.c................................"; // black
+
+char *
+CollectPieceDescriptors ()
+{   // make a line of piece descriptions for use in the PGN Piece tag:
+    // dump all engine defined pieces, and pieces with non-standard names,
+    // but suppress black pieces that are the same as their white counterpart
+    ChessSquare p;
+    static char buf[MSG_SIZ], s[2];
+    char *m, *pieceName = defaultName;
+    int len, c, d;
+    *buf = NULLCHAR;
+    if(!pieceDefs) return "";
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) return ""; // for now don't do this for Chu Shogi
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) pieceName = shogiName;
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi) pieceName = xqName;
+    for(p=WhitePawn; p<EmptySquare; p++) {
+       if((c = pieceToChar[p]) == '.' || c == '~') continue;  // does not participate
+       m = pieceDesc[p]; d = (c == '+' ? pieceToChar[DEMOTED(p)] : c);
+       if(p >= BlackPawn && pieceToChar[BLACK_TO_WHITE p] == (c & ~32)
+             && (c != '+' || pieceToChar[DEMOTED(BLACK_TO_WHITE p)] == d)) {// black member of normal pair
+           char *wm = pieceDesc[BLACK_TO_WHITE p];
+           if(!m && !wm || m && wm && !strcmp(wm, m)) continue;            // moves as a white piece
+       } else                                                              // white or unpaired black
+       if((p < BlackPawn || CharToPiece(d & ~32) != EmptySquare) &&        // white or lone black
+          !pieceDesc[p] /*&& pieceName[p] == c*/) continue; // orthodox piece known by its usual name
+// TODO: listing pieces because of unusual name can only be done if we have accurate Betza of all defaults
+       if(!m) m = defaultDesc[p];
+       if(!m) continue;
+       len = strlen(buf);
+       *s = (d > 128 ? SUFFIXES[d-128>>6] : 0); d = 64 + (d & 63);
+       snprintf(buf+len, MSG_SIZ-len, "%s%s%c%s:%s", len ? ";" : "", c == '+' ? "+" : "", d, s, m);
+    }
+    return buf;
+}
+
+int
+LoadPieceDesc (char *s)
+{
+    ChessSquare piece;
+    static char suf[] = SUFFIXES;
+    char *r, *p, *q = s;
+    int ok = TRUE, promoted, c;
+    while(q && *s) {
+       p = s;
+       q = strchr(s, ';');
+       if(q) *q = 0, s = q+1;
+       if(*p == '+') promoted = 1, p++; else promoted = 0;
+       c = *p++;
+       if(!c) { ok = FALSE; continue; } // bad syntax
+       if(*p && (r = strchr(suf, *p))) c += 64*(r - suf + 1), p++;
+       if(*p++ != ':') { ok = FALSE; continue; } // bad syntax
+       if(!strcmp(p, "(null)")) continue; // handle bug in writing of XBoard 4.8.0
+        piece = CharToPiece(c);
+       if(piece >= EmptySquare) { ok = FALSE; continue; } // non-existent piece
+       if(promoted) {
+           piece = promoPartner[piece];
+           if(pieceToChar[piece] != '+') { ok = FALSE; continue; } // promoted form does not exist
+       }
+       ASSIGN(pieceDesc[piece], p);
+       if(piece < BlackPawn && (pieceToChar[WHITE_TO_BLACK piece] == pieceToChar[piece] + 32 || promoted)) {
+           ASSIGN(pieceDesc[WHITE_TO_BLACK piece], p);
+       }
+       pieceDefs = TRUE;
+       if(q) *q = ';';
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+// [HGM] gen: configurable move generation from Betza notation sent by engine.
+// Some notes about two-leg moves: GenPseudoLegal() works in two modes, depending on whether a 'kill-
+// square has been set: without one is generates all moves, and a global int legNr flags in bits 0 and 1
+// if the move has 1 or 2 legs. Only the marking of squares makes use of this info, by only marking
+// target squares of leg 1 (rejecting null move). A dummy move with MoveType 'FirstLeg' to the relay square
+// is generated, so a cyan marker can be put there, and other functions can ignore such a move. When the
+// user selects this square, it becomes the kill-square. Once a kill-square is set, only 2-leg moves are
+// generated that use that square as relay, plus 1-leg moves, so the 1-leg move that goes to the kill-square
+// can be marked during 2nd-leg entry to terminate the move there. For judging the pseudo-legality of the
+// 2nd leg, the from-square has to be considered empty, although the moving piece is still on it.
+
+Boolean pieceDefs;
+
+//  alphabet      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+char symmetry[] = "FBNW.FFW.NKN.NW.QR....W..N";
+char xStep[]    = "2110.130.102.10.00....0..2";
+char yStep[]    = "2132.133.313.20.11....1..3";
+char dirType[]  = "01000104000200000260050000";
+char upgrade[]  = "AFCD.BGH.JQL.NO.KW....R..Z";
+char rotate[]   = "DRCA.WHG.JKL.NO.QB....F..Z";
+
+//  alphabet   "a b    c d e f    g h    i j k l    m n o p q r    s    t u v    w x y z "
+int dirs1[] = { 0,0x3C,0,0,0,0xC3,0,0,   0,0,0,0xF0,0,0,0,0,0,0x0F,0   ,0,0,0   ,0,0,0,0 };
+int dirs2[] = { 0,0x18,0,0,0,0x81,0,0xFF,0,0,0,0x60,0,0,0,0,0,0x06,0x66,0,0,0x99,0,0,0,0 };
+int dirs3[] = { 0,0x38,0,0,0,0x83,0,0xFF,0,0,0,0xE0,0,0,0,0,0,0x0E,0xEE,0,0,0xBB,0,0,0,0 };
+int dirs4[] = { 0,0x10,0,0,0,0x01,0,0xFF,0,0,0,0x40,0,0,0,0,0,0x04,0x44,0,0,0x11,0,0,0,0 };
+
+int rot[][4] = { // rotation matrices for each direction
+  { 1, 0, 0, 1 },
+  { 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1,-1, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0,-1 },
+  {-1, 0, 0,-1 },
+  { 0,-1,-1, 0 },
+  { 0,-1, 1, 0 },
+  {-1, 0, 0, 1 }
+};
+
+void
+OK (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR cl)
+{
+    (*(int*)cl)++;
+}
+
+void
+MovesFromString (Board board, int flags, int f, int r, int tx, int ty, int angle, int range, char *desc, MoveCallback cb, VOIDSTAR cl)
+{
+    char buf[80], *p = desc, *atom = NULL;
+    int mine, his, dir, bit, occup, i, ep, promoRank = -1;
+    ChessMove promo= NormalMove; ChessSquare pc = board[r][f];
+    if(pc == DarkSquare) return; // this is not a piece, but a 'hole' in the board
+    if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) his = 2, mine = 1; else his = 1, mine = 2;
+    if(pc == WhitePawn || pc == WhiteLance) promo = WhitePromotion, promoRank = BOARD_HEIGHT-1; else
+    if(pc == BlackPawn || pc == BlackLance) promo = BlackPromotion, promoRank = 0;
+    while(*p) {                  // more moves to go
+       int expo = -1, dx, dy, x, y, mode, dirSet, ds2=0, retry=0, initial=0, jump=1, skip = 0, all = 0;
+       char *cont = NULL;
+       while(*p == 'i') initial++, desc = ++p;
+       while(islower(*p)) p++;  // skip prefixes
+       if(!isupper(*p)) return; // syntax error: no atom
+       dx = xStep[*p-'A'] - '0';// step vector of atom
+       dy = yStep[*p-'A'] - '0';
+       dirSet = 0;              // build direction set based on atom symmetry
+       switch(symmetry[*p-'A']) {
+         case 'B': expo = 0;    // bishop, slide
+         case 'F': all = 0xAA;  // diagonal atom (degenerate 4-fold)
+                   if(tx >= 0) goto king;        // continuation legs specified in K/Q system!
+                   while(islower(*desc) && (i = dirType[*desc-'a']) != '0') {
+                       int b = dirs1[*desc-'a']; // use wide version
+                       if( islower(desc[1]) &&
+                                ((i | dirType[desc[1]-'a']) & 3) == 3) {   // combinable (perpendicular dim)
+                           b = dirs1[*desc-'a'] & dirs1[desc[1]-'a'];      // intersect wide & perp wide
+                           desc += 2;
+                       } else desc++;
+                       dirSet |= b;
+                   }
+                   dirSet &= 0xAA; if(!dirSet) dirSet = 0xAA;
+                   break;
+         case 'R': expo = 0;    // rook, slide
+         case 'W': all = 0x55;  // orthogonal atom (non-deg 4-fold)
+                   if(tx >= 0) goto king;        // continuation legs specified in K/Q system!
+                   while(islower(*desc) && (dirType[*desc-'a'] & ~4) != '0') dirSet |= dirs2[*desc++-'a'];
+                   dirSet &= 0x55; if(!dirSet) dirSet = 0x55;
+                   dirSet = (dirSet << angle | dirSet >> 8-angle) & 255;   // re-orient direction system
+                   break;
+         case 'N': all = 0xFF;  // oblique atom (degenerate 8-fold)
+                   if(tx >= 0) goto king;        // continuation legs specified in K/Q system!
+                   if(*desc == 'h') {            // chiral direction sets 'hr' and 'hl'
+                       dirSet = (desc[1] == 'r' ? 0x55 :  0xAA); desc += 2;
+                   } else
+                   while(islower(*desc) && (i = dirType[*desc-'a']) != '0') {
+                       int b = dirs2[*desc-'a']; // when alone, use narrow version
+                       if(desc[1] == 'h') b = dirs1[*desc-'a'], desc += 2; // dirs1 is wide version
+                       else if(*desc == desc[1] || islower(desc[1]) && i < '4'
+                               && ((i | dirType[desc[1]-'a']) & 3) == 3) { // combinable (perpendicular dim or same)
+                           b = dirs1[*desc-'a'] & dirs2[desc[1]-'a'];      // intersect wide & perp narrow
+                           desc += 2;
+                       } else desc++;
+                       dirSet |= b;
+                   }
+                   if(!dirSet) dirSet = 0xFF;
+                   break;
+         case 'Q': expo = 0;    // queen, slide
+         case 'K': all = 0xFF;  // non-deg (pseudo) 8-fold
+         king:
+                   while(islower(*desc) && (i = dirType[*desc-'a']) != '0') {
+                       int b = dirs4[*desc-'a'];    // when alone, use narrow version
+                       if(desc[1] == *desc) desc++; // doubling forces alone
+                       else if(islower(desc[1]) && i < '4'
+                               && ((i | dirType[desc[1]-'a']) & 3) == 3) { // combinable (perpendicular dim or same)
+                           b = dirs3[*desc-'a'] & dirs3[desc[1]-'a'];      // intersect wide & perp wide
+                           desc += 2;
+                       } else desc++;
+                       dirSet |= b;
+                   }
+                   if(!dirSet) dirSet = (tx < 0 ? 0xFF                     // default is all directions, but in continuation leg
+                                         : all == 0xFF ? 0xEF : 0x45);     // omits backward, and for 4-fold atoms also diags
+                   dirSet = (dirSet << angle | dirSet >> 8-angle) & 255;   // re-orient direction system
+                   ds2 = dirSet & 0xAA;          // extract diagonal directions
+                   if(dirSet &= 0x55)            // start with orthogonal moves, if present
+                        retry = 1, dx = 0;       // and schedule the diagonal moves for later
+                   else dx = dy, dirSet = ds2;   // if no orthogonal directions, do diagonal immediately
+                   break;       // should not have direction indicators
+         default:  return;      // syntax error: invalid atom
+       }
+       if(mine == 2 && tx < 0) dirSet = dirSet >> 4 | dirSet << 4 & 255;   // invert black moves
+       mode = 0;                // build mode mask
+       if(*desc == 'm') mode |= 4, desc++;           // move to empty
+       if(*desc == 'c') mode |= his, desc++;         // capture foe
+       if(*desc == 'd') mode |= mine, desc++;        // destroy (capture friend)
+       if(*desc == 'e') mode |= 8, desc++;           // e.p. capture last mover
+       if(*desc == 't') mode |= 16, desc++;          // exclude enemies as hop platform ('test')
+       if(*desc == 'p') mode |= 32, desc++;          // hop over occupied
+       if(*desc == 'g') mode |= 64, desc++;          // hop and toggle range
+       if(*desc == 'o') mode |= 128, desc++;         // wrap around cylinder board
+       if(*desc == 'y') mode |= 512, desc++;         // toggle range on empty square
+       if(*desc == 'n') jump = 0, desc++;            // non-jumping
+       while(*desc == 'j') jump++, desc++;           // must jump (on B,R,Q: skip first square)
+       if(*desc == 'a') cont = ++desc;               // move again after doing what preceded it
+       if(isdigit(*++p)) expo = atoi(p++);           // read exponent
+       if(expo > 9) p++;                             // allow double-digit
+       desc = p;                                     // this is start of next move
+       if(initial == 2) { if(board[r][f] != initialPosition[r-2*his+3][f]) continue; initial = 0; } else
+       if(initial && !range) {
+               if(   (board[r][f] != initialPosition[r][f] ||
+                      r == 0              && board[TOUCHED_W] & 1<<f ||
+                      r == BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && board[TOUCHED_B] & 1<<f   )) continue;
+               initial = 0;
+       }
+       if(expo > 0 && dx == 0 && dy == 0) {          // castling indicated by O + number
+           mode |= 1024; dy = 1;
+       }
+       if(expo < 0) expo = 1;                        // use 1 for default
+        if(!cont) {
+           if(!(mode & 15)) mode |= his + 4;         // no mode spec, use default = mc
+       } else {
+           strncpy(buf, cont, 80); cont = buf;       // copy next leg(s), so we can modify
+           atom = buf; while(islower(*atom)) atom++; // skip to atom
+           if(mode & 32) mode ^= 256 + 32;           // in non-final legs 'p' means 'pass through'
+           if(mode & 64 + 512) {
+               mode |= 256;                          // and 'g' too, but converts leaper <-> slider
+               if(mode & 512) mode ^= 0x304;         // and 'y' is m-like 'g'
+               *atom = upgrade[*atom-'A'];           // replace atom, BRQ <-> FWK
+               atom[1] = atom[2] = '\0';             // make sure any old range is stripped off
+               if(expo == 1) atom[1] = '0';          // turn other leapers into riders 
+           }
+           if(!(mode & 0x30F)) mode |= 4;            // and default of this leg = m
+       }
+       if(dy == 1) skip = jump - 1, jump = 1;        // on W & F atoms 'j' = skip first square
+        do {
+         for(dir=0, bit=1; dir<8; dir++, bit += bit) { // loop over directions
+           int i = expo, j = skip, hop = mode, vx, vy, loop = 0;
+           if(!(bit & dirSet)) continue;             // does not move in this direction
+           if(dy != 1 || mode & 1024) j = 0;         // 
+           vx = dx*rot[dir][0] + dy*rot[dir][1];     // rotate step vector
+           vy = dx*rot[dir][2] + dy*rot[dir][3];
+           if(tx < 0) x = f, y = r;                  // start square
+           else      x = tx, y = ty;                 // from previous to-square if continuation
+           do {                                      // traverse ray
+               x += vx; y += vy;                     // step to next square
+               if(y < 0 || y >= BOARD_HEIGHT) break; // vertically off-board: always done
+               if(x <  BOARD_LEFT) { if(mode & 128) x += BOARD_RGHT - BOARD_LEFT, loop++; else break; }
+               if(x >= BOARD_RGHT) { if(mode & 128) x -= BOARD_RGHT - BOARD_LEFT, loop++; else break; }
+               if(j) { j--; continue; }              // skip irrespective of occupation
+               if(board[y][x] == DarkSquare) break;  // black squares are supposed to be off board
+               if(!jump    && board[y - vy + vy/2][x - vx + vx/2] != EmptySquare) break; // blocked
+               if(jump > 1 && board[y - vy + vy/2][x - vx + vx/2] == EmptySquare) break; // no hop
+               if(x == f && y == r && !loop) occup = 4;     else // start square counts as empty (if not around cylinder!)
+               if(board[y][x] < BlackPawn)   occup = 0x101; else
+               if(board[y][x] < EmptySquare) occup = 0x102; else
+                                             occup = 4;
+               if(initial && expo - i + 1 != range) { if(occup == 4) continue; else break; }
+               if(cont) {                            // non-final leg
+                 if(mode&16 && his&occup) occup &= 3;// suppress hopping foe in t-mode
+                 if(occup & mode) {                  // valid intermediate square, do continuation
+                   char origAtom = *atom;
+                   int rg = (expo != 1 ? expo - i + 1 : range);   // pass length of last *slider* leg
+                   if(!(bit & all)) *atom = rotate[*atom - 'A']; // orth-diag interconversion to make direction valid
+                   if(occup & mode & 0x104)          // no side effects, merge legs to one move
+                       MovesFromString(board, flags, f, r, x, y, dir, rg, cont, cb, cl);
+                   if(occup & mode & 3 && (killX < 0 || kill2X < 0 && (legNr > 1 || killX == x && killY == y) ||
+                                           (legNr == 1 ? kill2X == x && kill2Y == y : killX == x && killY == y))) {     // destructive first leg
+                       int cnt = 0;
+                       legNr <<= 1;
+                       MovesFromString(board, flags, f, r, x, y, dir, rg, cont, &OK, &cnt); // count possible continuations
+                       legNr >>= 1;
+                       if(cnt) {                                                            // and if there are
+                           if(legNr & 1 ? killX < 0 : kill2X < 0) cb(board, flags, FirstLeg, r, f, y, x, cl);     // then generate their first leg
+                           legNr <<= 1;
+                           MovesFromString(board, flags, f, r, x, y, dir, rg, cont, cb, cl);
+                           legNr >>= 1;
+                       }
+                   }
+                   *atom = origAtom;        // undo any interconversion
+                 }
+                 if(occup != 4) break;      // occupied squares always terminate the leg
+                 continue;
+               }
+               if(hop & 32+64) { if(occup != 4) { if(hop & 64 && i != 1) i = 2; hop &= 31; } continue; } // hopper
+               ep = board[EP_RANK];
+               if(mode & 8 && occup == 4 && board[EP_FILE] == x && (y == (ep & 127) || y - vy == ep - 128)) { // to e.p. square (or 2nd e.p. square)
+                   cb(board, flags, mine == 1 ? WhiteCapturesEnPassant : BlackCapturesEnPassant, r, f, y, x, cl);
+               }
+               if(mode & 1024) {            // castling
+                   i = 2;                   // kludge to elongate move indefinitely
+                   if(occup == 4) continue; // skip empty squares
+                   if((x == BOARD_LEFT + skip || x > BOARD_LEFT + skip && vx < 0 && board[y][x-1-skip] == DarkSquare)
+                                                                   && board[y][x] == initialPosition[y][x]) { // reached initial corner piece
+                     if(pc != WhiteKing && pc != BlackKing || expo == 1) { // non-royal castling (to be entered as two-leg move via 'Rook')
+                       if(killX < 0) cb(board, flags, FirstLeg,   r, f, y, x, cl); if(killX < f)
+                       legNr <<= 1,  cb(board, flags, NormalMove, r, f, y, f - expo, cl), legNr >>= 1;
+                     } else
+                       cb(board, flags, mine == 1 ? WhiteQueenSideCastle : BlackQueenSideCastle, r, f, y, f - expo, cl);
+                   }
+                   if((x == BOARD_RGHT-1-skip || x < BOARD_RGHT-1-skip && vx > 0 && board[y][x+1+skip] == DarkSquare)
+                                                                   && board[y][x] == initialPosition[y][x]) {
+                     if(pc != WhiteKing && pc != BlackKing || expo == 1) {
+                       if(killX < 0) cb(board, flags, FirstLeg,   r, f, y, x, cl); if(killX > f)
+                       legNr <<= 1,  cb(board, flags, NormalMove, r, f, y, f + expo, cl), legNr >>= 1;
+                     } else
+                       cb(board, flags, mine == 1 ? WhiteKingSideCastle : BlackKingSideCastle, r, f, y, f + expo, cl);
+                   }
+                   break;
+               }
+               if(mode & 16 && (board[y][x] == WhiteKing || board[y][x] == BlackKing)) break; // tame piece, cannot capture royal
+               if(occup & mode) cb(board, flags, y == promoRank ? promo : NormalMove, r, f, y, x, cl); // allowed, generate
+               if(occup != 4) break; // not valid transit square
+           } while(--i);
+         }
+         dx = dy; dirSet = ds2;      // prepare for diagonal moves of K,Q
+       } while(retry-- && ds2);      // and start doing them
+       if(tx >= 0) break;            // don't do other atoms in continuation legs
+    }
+} // next atom
+
+// [HGM] move generation now based on hierarchy of subroutines for rays and combinations of rays
+
+void
+SlideForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, rt, ft = ff;
+  for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf + i;
+      if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, rt, ft = ff;
+  for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf - i;
+      if (rt < 0) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideVertical (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  SlideForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  SlideBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+SlideSideways (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, s, rt = rf, ft;
+  for(s = -1; s <= 1; s+= 2) {
+    for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      ft = ff + i*s;
+      if (ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideDiagForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, s, rt, ft;
+  for(s = -1; s <= 1; s+= 2) {
+    for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf + i;
+      ft = ff + i * s;
+      if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideDiagBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, s, rt, ft;
+  for(s = -1; s <= 1; s+= 2) {
+    for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf - i;
+      ft = ff + i * s;
+      if (rt < 0 || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Rook (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Bishop (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  SlideDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  SlideDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Sting (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int dy, int dx, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{ // Lion-like move of Horned Falcon and Soaring Eagle
+  int ft = ff + dx, rt = rf + dy;
+  if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) return;
+  legNr += 2;
+  if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+    callback(board, flags, killX < 0 && board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare ? FirstLeg : NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  legNr -= 2;
+  ft += dx; rt += dy;
+  if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) return;
+  legNr += 2;
+  if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+    callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf+dy][ff+dx]))
+    callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+  legNr -= 2;
+}
+
+void
+StepForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft = ff, rt = rf + 1;
+  if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT) return;
+  if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) return;
+  callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft = ff, rt = rf - 1;
+  if (rt < 0) return;
+  if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) return;
+  callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepSideways (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft, rt = rf;
+  ft = ff + 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  ft = ff - 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepDiagForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft, rt = rf + 1;
+  if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT) return;
+  ft = ff + 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  ft = ff - 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepDiagBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft, rt = rf - 1;
+  if(rt < 0) return;
+  ft = ff + 1;
+  if (!(rt < 0 || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  ft = ff - 1;
+  if (!(rt < 0 || ft < BOARD_LEFT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepVertical (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Ferz (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  StepDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  StepDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Wazir (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Knight (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+    int i, j, s, rt, ft;
+    for (i = -1; i <= 1; i += 2)
+       for (j = -1; j <= 1; j += 2)
+           for (s = 1; s <= 2; s++) {
+               rt = rf + i*s;
+               ft = ff + j*(3-s);
+               if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
+                   && ( gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || board[rf+i*(s-1)][ff+j*(2-s)] == EmptySquare)
+                   && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+                   callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+           }
+}
 
 /* Call callback once for each pseudo-legal move in the given
    position, except castling moves. A move is pseudo-legal if it is
@@ -251,32 +737,33 @@ int CompareBoards(board1, board2)
    EP_UNKNOWN if we don't know and want to allow all e.p. captures.
    Promotion moves generated are to Queen only.
 */
-void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     int epfile;
-     MoveCallback callback;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+GenPseudoLegal (Board board, int flags, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure, ChessSquare filter)
+// speed: only do moves with this piece type
 {
     int rf, ff;
     int i, j, d, s, fs, rs, rt, ft, m;
+    int epfile = (signed char)board[EP_STATUS]; // [HGM] gamestate: extract ep status from board
+    int promoRank = gameInfo.variant == VariantMakruk || gameInfo.variant == VariantGrand || gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess ? 3 : 1;
 
-    for (rf = 0; rf < BOARD_HEIGHT; rf++) 
+    for (rf = 0; rf < BOARD_HEIGHT; rf++)
       for (ff = BOARD_LEFT; ff < BOARD_RGHT; ff++) {
           ChessSquare piece;
 
-         if (flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
-             if (!WhitePiece(board[rf][ff])) continue;
-         } else {
-             if (!BlackPiece(board[rf][ff])) continue;
-         }
+         if(board[rf][ff] == EmptySquare) continue;
+         if ((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != (board[rf][ff] < BlackPawn)) continue; // [HGM] speed: wrong color
           m = 0; piece = board[rf][ff];
-          if(PieceToChar(piece) == '~') 
-                 piece = (ChessSquare) ( DEMOTED piece );
-          if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi)
+          if(PieceToChar(piece) == '~')
+                 piece = (ChessSquare) ( DEMOTED(piece) );
+          if(filter != EmptySquare && piece != filter) continue;
+          if(pieceDefs && pieceDesc[piece]) { // [HGM] gen: use engine-defined moves
+              MovesFromString(board, flags, ff, rf, -1, -1, 0, 0, pieceDesc[piece], callback, closure);
+              continue;
+          }
+          if(IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant))
                  piece = (ChessSquare) ( SHOGI piece );
 
-          switch (piece) {
+          switch ((int)piece) {
             /* case EmptySquare: [HGM] this is nonsense, and conflicts with Shogi cases */
            default:
              /* can't happen ([HGM] except for faries...) */
@@ -303,34 +790,34 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
               }
               if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && board[rf + 1][ff] == EmptySquare) {
                  callback(board, flags,
-                          rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ? WhitePromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                          rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
                           rf, ff, rf + 1, ff, closure);
              }
-             if (rf == 1 && board[2][ff] == EmptySquare &&
+             if (rf <= (BOARD_HEIGHT>>1)-3 && board[rf+1][ff] == EmptySquare && // [HGM] grand: also on 3rd rank on 10-board
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantShatranj && /* [HGM] */
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantCourier  && /* [HGM] */
-                  board[3][ff] == EmptySquare ) {
+                  board[rf+2][ff] == EmptySquare ) {
                       callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                               rf, ff, 3, ff, closure);
+                               rf, ff, rf+2, ff, closure);
              }
              for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
                   if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
                      ((flags & F_KRIEGSPIEL_CAPTURE) ||
                       BlackPiece(board[rf + 1][ff + s]))) {
-                     callback(board, flags, 
-                              rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ? WhitePromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
                               rf, ff, rf + 1, ff + s, closure);
                  }
-                 if (rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-4) {
+                 if (rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT+1>>1) {// [HGM] grand: 4th & 5th rank on 10-board
                       if (ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) &&
-                          board[BOARD_HEIGHT-4][ff + s] == BlackPawn &&
-                          board[BOARD_HEIGHT-3][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
+                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) && rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-3 &&
+                          board[rf][ff + s] == BlackPawn &&
+                          board[rf+1][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
                          callback(board, flags, WhiteCapturesEnPassant,
-                                  rf, ff, 5, ff + s, closure);
+                                  rf, ff, rf+1, ff + s, closure);
                      }
                  }
-             }             
+             }
              break;
 
            case BlackPawn:
@@ -352,42 +839,41 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
                   break;
               }
              if (rf > 0 && board[rf - 1][ff] == EmptySquare) {
-                 callback(board, flags, 
-                          rf == 1 ? BlackPromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                 callback(board, flags,
+                          rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
                           rf, ff, rf - 1, ff, closure);
              }
-             if (rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-3][ff] == EmptySquare &&
+             if (rf >= (BOARD_HEIGHT+1>>1)+2 && board[rf-1][ff] == EmptySquare && // [HGM] grand
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantShatranj && /* [HGM] */
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantCourier  && /* [HGM] */
-                 board[BOARD_HEIGHT-4][ff] == EmptySquare) {
+                 board[rf-2][ff] == EmptySquare) {
                  callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                          rf, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-4, ff, closure);
+                          rf, ff, rf-2, ff, closure);
              }
              for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
                   if (rf > 0 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
                      ((flags & F_KRIEGSPIEL_CAPTURE) ||
                       WhitePiece(board[rf - 1][ff + s]))) {
-                     callback(board, flags, 
-                              rf == 1 ? BlackPromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
                               rf, ff, rf - 1, ff + s, closure);
                  }
-                 if (rf == 3) {
+                 if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT>>1) {
                       if (ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) &&
-                         board[3][ff + s] == WhitePawn &&
-                         board[2][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
+                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) && rf > 2 &&
+                         board[rf][ff + s] == WhitePawn &&
+                         board[rf-1][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
                          callback(board, flags, BlackCapturesEnPassant,
-                                  rf, ff, 2, ff + s, closure);
+                                  rf, ff, rf-1, ff + s, closure);
                      }
                  }
-             }             
+             }
              break;
 
             case WhiteUnicorn:
             case BlackUnicorn:
            case WhiteKnight:
            case BlackKnight:
-            mounted:
              for (i = -1; i <= 1; i += 2)
                for (j = -1; j <= 1; j += 2)
                  for (s = 1; s <= 2; s++) {
@@ -418,7 +904,7 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
                       callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
                                rf, ff, rf - 2, ff + s, closure);
                  }
-             }             
+             }
              break;
 
             case WhiteCannon:
@@ -444,98 +930,154 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
 
             /* Gold General (and all its promoted versions) . First do the */
             /* diagonal forward steps, then proceed as normal Wazir        */
+            case SHOGI (PROMO WhitePawn):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto WhiteGold;
+            case SHOGI (PROMO BlackPawn):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+            case SHOGI WhiteAxe:
+            case SHOGI BlackAxe:
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI (PROMO WhiteKnight):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto WhiteGold;
+            case SHOGI WhiteClaw:
+            case SHOGI BlackDrunk:
+            case SHOGI BlackAlfil:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI (PROMO BlackKnight):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+            case SHOGI BlackClaw:
+            case SHOGI WhiteDrunk:
+            case SHOGI WhiteAlfil:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteGnu:
+            case SHOGI BlackGnu:
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI (PROMO WhiteQueen):
+            case SHOGI WhiteTokin:
             case SHOGI WhiteWazir:
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhitePawn):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteKnight):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteQueen):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteFerz):
-             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
-                  if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                      !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf + 1][ff + s])) {
-                      callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rf + 1, ff + s, closure);
-                 }
-              }
-              goto finishGold;
+           WhiteGold:
+               StepDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
+            case SHOGI (PROMO BlackQueen):
+            case SHOGI BlackTokin:
             case SHOGI BlackWazir:
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackPawn):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackKnight):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackQueen):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackFerz):
-             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
-                  if (rf > 0 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                      !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf - 1][ff + s])) {
-                      callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rf - 1, ff + s, closure);
-                 }
-             }             
+            BlackGold:
+               StepDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             case WhiteWazir:
             case BlackWazir:
-            finishGold:
-              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++)
-                for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
-                      rt = rf + s * d;
-                      ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
-                      if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
-                          && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]) &&
-                          (gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || InPalace(rt, ft) ) )
-                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                        rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                      }
-             break;
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteMarshall:
+            case SHOGI BlackMarshall:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++)
+                   for (s = -2; s <= 2; s += 4) {
+                       rt = rf + s * d;
+                       ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
+                       if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                       if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]) )
+                           callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                   }
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteAngel:
+            case SHOGI BlackAngel:
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
 
             case WhiteAlfil:
             case BlackAlfil:
                 /* [HGM] support Shatranj pieces */
-                for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2) 
+                for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2)
                   for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) {
                       rt = rf + 2 * rs;
                       ft = ff + 2 * fs;
                       if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
                           && ( gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi ||
                                board[rf+rs][ff+fs] == EmptySquare && (2*rf < BOARD_HEIGHT) == (2*rt < BOARD_HEIGHT) )
-                         
+
+                          && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
+                                        rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                      if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj || gameInfo.variant == VariantCourier ||
+                         gameInfo.variant == VariantChu      || gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi) continue; // classical Alfil
+                      rt = rf + rs; // in unknown variant we assume Modern Elephant, which can also do one step
+                      ft = ff + fs;
+                      if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
                           && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
                                callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
                                         rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
                  }
+                if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan)
+                   for(fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) {
+                      ft = ff + fs;
+                      if (!(ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && board[rf][ft] == EmptySquare)
+                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ft, closure);
+                   }
                 break;
 
+            /* Make Dragon-Horse also do Dababba moves outside Shogi, for better disambiguation in variant Fairy */
+           case WhiteCardinal:
+           case BlackCardinal:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess) goto DragonHorse;
+              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++) // Dababba moves that Rook cannot do
+                for (s = -2; s <= 2; s += 4) {
+                     rt = rf + s * d;
+                     ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
+                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                 }
+
             /* Shogi Dragon Horse has to continue with Wazir after Bishop */
             case SHOGI WhiteCardinal:
             case SHOGI BlackCardinal:
-              m++;
+            case SHOGI WhitePCardinal:
+            case SHOGI BlackPCardinal:
+            DragonHorse:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             /* Capablanca Archbishop continues as Knight                  */
             case WhiteAngel:
             case BlackAngel:
-              m++;
+               Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
 
             /* Shogi Bishops are ordinary Bishops */
             case SHOGI WhiteBishop:
             case SHOGI BlackBishop:
+            case SHOGI WhitePBishop:
+            case SHOGI BlackPBishop:
            case WhiteBishop:
            case BlackBishop:
-             for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2) 
-                for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) 
-                 for (i = 1;; i++) {
-                     rt = rf + (i * rs);
-                     ft = ff + (i * fs);
-                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
-                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
-                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                     if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
-                 }
-                if(m==1) goto mounted;
-                if(m==2) goto finishGold;
-                /* Bishop falls through */
-             break;
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             /* Shogi Lance is unlike anything, and asymmetric at that */
             case SHOGI WhiteQueen:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) goto doQueen;
               for(i = 1;; i++) {
                       rt = rf + i;
                       ft = ff;
@@ -548,6 +1090,7 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
               break;
 
             case SHOGI BlackQueen:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) goto doQueen;
               for(i = 1;; i++) {
                       rt = rf - i;
                       ft = ff;
@@ -559,110 +1102,111 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
               }
               break;
 
+            /* Make Dragon-King Dababba & Rook-like outside Shogi, for better disambiguation in variant Fairy */
+           case WhiteDragon:
+           case BlackDragon:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess) goto DragonKing;
+              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++) // Dababba moves that Rook cannot do
+                for (s = -2; s <= 2; s += 4) {
+                     rt = rf + s * d;
+                     ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
+                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                      if (board[rf+rt>>1][ff+ft>>1] == EmptySquare && gameInfo.variant != VariantSpartan) continue;
+                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                 }
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan) // in Spartan Chess restrict range to modern Dababba
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+             else
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+              break;
+
             /* Shogi Dragon King has to continue as Ferz after Rook moves */
             case SHOGI WhiteDragon:
             case SHOGI BlackDragon:
+            case SHOGI WhitePDragon:
+            case SHOGI BlackPDragon:
+            DragonKing:
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
               m++;
 
             /* Capablanca Chancellor sets flag to continue as Knight      */
             case WhiteMarshall:
             case BlackMarshall:
-              m++;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan) // in Spartan Chess Chancellor is used for Dragon King.
+                   Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               else
+                   Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             /* Shogi Rooks are ordinary Rooks */
             case SHOGI WhiteRook:
             case SHOGI BlackRook:
+            case SHOGI WhitePRook:
+            case SHOGI BlackPRook:
            case WhiteRook:
            case BlackRook:
-              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++)
-                for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2)
-                 for (i = 1;; i++) {
-                     rt = rf + (i * s) * d;
-                     ft = ff + (i * s) * (1 - d);
-                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
-                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
-                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                     if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
-                 }
-                if(m==1) goto mounted;
-                if(m==2) goto finishSilver;
-             break;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
            case WhiteQueen:
            case BlackQueen:
-             for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs++) 
-               for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs++) {
-                   if (rs == 0 && fs == 0) continue;
-                   for (i = 1;; i++) {
-                       rt = rf + (i * rs);
-                       ft = ff + (i * fs);
-                        if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
-                       if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
-                       callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                       if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
-                   }
-               }
-             break;
+            case SHOGI WhiteMother:
+            case SHOGI BlackMother:
+           doQueen:
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
-            /* Shogi Pawn and Silver General: first the Pawn move,    */
-            /* then the General continues like a Ferz                 */
-            case SHOGI WhitePawn:
-            case SHOGI WhiteFerz:
-                  if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 &&
-                           !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf + 1][ff]) ) 
-                           callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                    rf, ff, rf + 1, ff, closure);
-              if(piece != SHOGI WhitePawn) goto finishSilver;
-              break;
+           case SHOGI WhitePawn:
+               StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             case SHOGI BlackPawn:
+               StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case WhiteMan:
+                if(gameInfo.variant != VariantMakruk && gameInfo.variant != VariantASEAN) goto commoner;
+            case SHOGI WhiteFerz:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case BlackMan:
+                if(gameInfo.variant != VariantMakruk && gameInfo.variant != VariantASEAN) goto commoner;
             case SHOGI BlackFerz:
-                  if (rf > 0 &&
-                           !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf - 1][ff]) ) 
-                           callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                    rf, ff, rf - 1, ff, closure);
-              if(piece == SHOGI BlackPawn) break;
+               StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
 
             case WhiteFerz:
             case BlackFerz:
-            finishSilver:
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi && ff != BOARD_WIDTH>>1) {
+                   int rt = (piece == BlackFerz ? BOARD_HEIGHT-2 : 1);
+                   int ft = BOARD_WIDTH>>1;
+                   if(!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+                       callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+               } else
                 /* [HGM] support Shatranj pieces */
-                for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2) 
-                  for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) {
-                      rt = rf + rs;
-                      ft = ff + fs;
-                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
-                      if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]) &&
-                          (gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || InPalace(rt, ft) ) )
-                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                        rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                 }
-                break;
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
            case WhiteSilver:
            case BlackSilver:
-               m++; // [HGM] superchess: use for Centaur
-            case WhiteMan:
-            case BlackMan:
+               Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure); // [HGM] superchess: use for Centaur
+
+            commoner:
+            case SHOGI WhiteMonarch:
+            case SHOGI BlackMonarch:
             case SHOGI WhiteKing:
             case SHOGI BlackKing:
            case WhiteKing:
            case BlackKing:
-//            walking:
-             for (i = -1; i <= 1; i++)
-               for (j = -1; j <= 1; j++) {
-                   if (i == 0 && j == 0) continue;
-                   rt = rf + i;
-                   ft = ff + j;
-                    if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
-                   if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
-                   callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                            rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-               }
-               if(m==1) goto mounted;
-             break;
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
            case WhiteNightrider:
            case BlackNightrider:
@@ -680,12 +1224,175 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
                     }
                  }
              break;
+
+           Amazon:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+           // Use Lance as Berolina / Spartan Pawn.
+           case WhiteLance:
+             if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSuper) goto Amazon;
+             if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && BlackPiece(board[rf + 1][ff]))
+                 callback(board, flags,
+                          rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
+                          rf, ff, rf + 1, ff, closure);
+             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
+                 if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT && board[rf + 1][ff + s] == EmptySquare)
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
+                              rf, ff, rf + 1, ff + s, closure);
+                 if (rf == 1 && ff + 2*s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + 2*s < BOARD_RGHT && board[3][ff + 2*s] == EmptySquare )
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, 3, ff + 2*s, closure);
+             }
+             break;
+
+           case BlackLance:
+             if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSuper) goto Amazon;
+             if (rf > 0 && WhitePiece(board[rf - 1][ff]))
+                 callback(board, flags,
+                          rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
+                          rf, ff, rf - 1, ff, closure);
+             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
+                 if (rf > 0 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT && board[rf - 1][ff + s] == EmptySquare)
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
+                              rf, ff, rf - 1, ff + s, closure);
+                 if (rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 && ff + 2*s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + 2*s < BOARD_RGHT && board[rf-2][ff + 2*s] == EmptySquare )
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf-2, ff + 2*s, closure);
+             }
+            break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteNothing:
+            case SHOGI BlackNothing:
+            case SHOGI WhiteLion:
+            case SHOGI BlackLion:
+            case WhiteLion:
+            case BlackLion:
+              for(rt = rf - 2; rt <= rf + 2; rt++) for(ft = ff - 2; ft <= ff + 2; ft++) {
+                if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                if (!(ff == ft && rf == rt) && SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
+                i = (killX >= 0 && (rt-killY)*(rt-killY) + (killX-ft)*(killX-ft) < 3); legNr += 2*i;
+                callback(board, flags, (rt-rf)*(rt-rf) + (ff-ft)*(ff-ft) < 3 && board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare && !i ? FirstLeg : NormalMove,
+                         rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                legNr -= 2*i;
+              }
+              break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteDagger:
+            case SHOGI BlackDagger:
+            case SHOGI WhitePDagger:
+            case SHOGI BlackPDagger:
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteCobra:
+            case SHOGI BlackCobra:
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI (PROMO WhiteFerz):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto WhiteGold;
+            case SHOGI (PROMO BlackFerz):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+            case SHOGI WhiteSword:
+            case SHOGI BlackSword:
+            case SHOGI WhitePSword:
+            case SHOGI BlackPSword:
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteCat:
+            case SHOGI BlackCat:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteCopper:
+               StepDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackCopper:
+               StepDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteHCrown:
+            case SHOGI BlackHCrown:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteCrown:
+            case SHOGI BlackCrown:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteUnicorn:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, 1, 0, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackUnicorn:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, -1, 0, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteFalcon:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, 1,  1, callback, closure);
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, 1, -1, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackFalcon:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, -1,  1, callback, closure);
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, -1, -1, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteDolphin:
+            case SHOGI BlackHorse:
+               SlideDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackDolphin:
+            case SHOGI WhiteHorse:
+               SlideDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteLance:
+               SlideForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackLance:
+               SlideBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
            case WhiteFalcon: // [HGM] wild: for wildcards, self-capture symbolizes move to anywhere
            case BlackFalcon:
            case WhiteCobra:
            case BlackCobra:
-           case WhiteLance:
-           case BlackLance:
              callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
              break;
 
@@ -699,23 +1406,39 @@ typedef struct {
     VOIDSTAR cl;
 } GenLegalClosure;
 
+int rFilter, fFilter; // [HGM] speed: sorry, but I get a bit tired of this closure madness
+Board xqCheckers, nullBoard;
+
 extern void GenLegalCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void GenLegalCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+GenLegalCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register GenLegalClosure *cl = (GenLegalClosure *) closure;
 
-    if (!(flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) &&
-       CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft,
+    if(rFilter >= 0 && rFilter != rt || fFilter >= 0 && fFilter != ft) return; // [HGM] speed: ignore moves with wrong to-square
+
+    if ((int)board[EP_STATUS] == EP_IRON_LION && (board[rt][ft] == WhiteLion || board[rt][ft] == BlackLion)) return; //[HGM] lion
+
+    if (!(flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) ) {
+      int check, promo = (gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan && kind == BlackPromotion);
+      if(promo) {
+           int r, f, kings=0;
+           for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT;       f++)
+               kings += (board[r][f] == BlackKing);
+           if(kings >= 2)
+             promo = 0;
+           else
+               board[rf][ff] = BlackKing; // [HGM] spartan: promote to King before check-test
+       }
+       check = CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft,
                  kind == WhiteCapturesEnPassant ||
-                 kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant)) return;
+                 kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant);
+       if(promo) board[rf][ff] = BlackLance;
+      if(check) return;
+    }
     if (flags & F_ATOMIC_CAPTURE) {
       if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare ||
          kind == WhiteCapturesEnPassant || kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant) {
@@ -748,31 +1471,32 @@ typedef struct {
    true if castling is not yet ruled out by a move of the king or
    rook.  Return TRUE if the player on move is currently in check and
    F_IGNORE_CHECK is not set.  [HGM] add castlingRights parameter */
-int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     int epfile;
-     char castlingRights[];
-     MoveCallback callback;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+int
+GenLegal (Board board, int  flags, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure, ChessSquare filter)
 {
     GenLegalClosure cl;
-    int ff, ft, k, left, right;
+    int ff, ft, k, left, right, swap;
     int ignoreCheck = (flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) != 0;
-    ChessSquare wKing = WhiteKing, bKing = BlackKing;
+    ChessSquare wKing = WhiteKing, bKing = BlackKing, *castlingRights = board[CASTLING];
+    int inCheck = !ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, -1, -1, -1, -1, FALSE); // kludge alert: this would mark pre-existing checkers if status==1
+    char *p;
 
     cl.cb = callback;
     cl.cl = closure;
-    GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, GenLegalCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+    xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] *= 2; // quasi: if previous CheckTest has been marking, we now set flag for suspending same checkers
+    if(filter == EmptySquare) rFilter = fFilter = -1; // [HGM] speed: do not filter on square if we do not filter on piece
+    GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, GenLegalCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, filter);
 
-    if (!ignoreCheck &&
-       CheckTest(board, flags, -1, -1, -1, -1, FALSE)) return TRUE;
+    if (inCheck) return TRUE;
 
     /* Generate castling moves */
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantKnightmate) { /* [HGM] Knightmate */
         wKing = WhiteUnicorn; bKing = BlackUnicorn;
     }
 
+    p = (flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? pieceDesc[wKing] : pieceDesc[bKing]);
+    if(p && strchr(p, 'O')) return FALSE; // [HGM] gen: castlings were already generated from string
+
     for (ff = BOARD_WIDTH>>1; ff >= (BOARD_WIDTH-1)>>1; ff-- /*ics wild 1*/) {
        if ((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) &&
            (flags & F_WHITE_KCASTLE_OK) &&
@@ -782,9 +1506,9 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[0][BOARD_RGHT-3] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_RGHT-2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_RGHT-1] == WhiteRook &&
-            castlingRights[0] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[0] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[2] == ff || castlingRights[6] == ff ) &&
-            (ignoreCheck ||                             
+            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, ff + 1, FALSE) &&
               !CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, BOARD_RGHT-3, FALSE) &&
               (gameInfo.variant != VariantJanus || !CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, BOARD_RGHT-2, FALSE)) &&
@@ -802,7 +1526,7 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[0][BOARD_LEFT+2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_LEFT+1] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_LEFT+0] == WhiteRook &&
-            castlingRights[1] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[1] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[2] == ff || castlingRights[6] == ff ) &&
            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, ff - 1, FALSE) &&
@@ -821,7 +1545,7 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_RGHT-3] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_RGHT-2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_RGHT-1] == BlackRook &&
-            castlingRights[3] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[3] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[5] == ff || castlingRights[7] == ff ) &&
            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff + 1, FALSE) &&
@@ -841,7 +1565,7 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_LEFT+2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_LEFT+1] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_LEFT+0] == BlackRook &&
-            castlingRights[4] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[4] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[5] == ff || castlingRights[7] == ff ) &&
            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff - 1, FALSE) &&
@@ -854,15 +1578,16 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
        }
     }
 
-  if(gameInfo.variant == VariantFischeRandom) {
+  if((swap = gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess) || flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) {
 
     /* generate all potential FRC castling moves (KxR), ignoring flags */
     /* [HGM] test if the Rooks we find have castling rights */
+    /* In S-Chess we generate RxK for allowed castlings, for gating at Rook square */
 
 
     if ((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != 0) {
         ff = castlingRights[2]; /* King file if we have any rights */
-        if(ff > 0 && board[0][ff] == WhiteKing) {
+        if(ff != NoRights && board[0][ff] == WhiteKing) {
     if (appData.debugMode) {
         fprintf(debugFP, "FRC castling, %d %d %d %d %d %d\n",
                 castlingRights[0],castlingRights[1],ff,castlingRights[3],castlingRights[4],castlingRights[5]);
@@ -871,50 +1596,60 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             left  = ff+1;
             right = BOARD_RGHT-2;
             if(ff == BOARD_RGHT-2) left = right = ff-1;    /* special case */
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            for(k=left; k<right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook)
-                callback(board, flags, WhiteHSideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            for(k=left; k<right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, WhiteHSideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, WhiteHSideCastleFR, 0, ft, 0, ff, closure);
+            }
 
             ft = castlingRights[1]; /* Rook file if we have A-side rights */
             left  = BOARD_LEFT+2;
             right = ff-1;
             if(ff <= BOARD_LEFT+2) { left = ff+1; right = BOARD_LEFT+3; }
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2) 
-            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook)
-                callback(board, flags, WhiteASideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft == 0 && ff != 1 && board[0][1] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights; /* Rook can be blocked on b1 */
+            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2)
+            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, WhiteASideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, WhiteASideCastleFR, 0, ft, 0, ff, closure);
+            }
         }
     } else {
         ff = castlingRights[5]; /* King file if we have any rights */
-        if(ff > 0 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ff] == BlackKing) {
+        if(ff != NoRights && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ff] == BlackKing) {
             ft = castlingRights[3]; /* Rook file if we have H-side rights */
             left  = ff+1;
             right = BOARD_RGHT-2;
             if(ff == BOARD_RGHT-2) left = right = ff-1;    /* special case */
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            for(k=left; k<right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook)
-                callback(board, flags, BlackHSideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            for(k=left; k<right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, BlackHSideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, BlackHSideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, closure);
+            }
 
             ft = castlingRights[4]; /* Rook file if we have A-side rights */
             left  = BOARD_LEFT+2;
             right = ff-1;
             if(ff <= BOARD_LEFT+2) { left = ff+1; right = BOARD_LEFT+3; }
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2) 
-            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook)
-                callback(board, flags, BlackASideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft == 0 && ff != 1 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][1] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights; /* Rook can be blocked on b8 */
+            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2)
+            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, BlackASideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, BlackASideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, closure);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -935,16 +1670,19 @@ extern void CheckTestCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                 VOIDSTAR closure));
 
 
-void CheckTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+CheckTestCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register CheckTestClosure *cl = (CheckTestClosure *) closure;
 
-    if (rt == cl->rking && ft == cl->fking) cl->check++;
+    if (rt == cl->rking && ft == cl->fking) {
+       if((int)xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] >= 2 && xqCheckers[rf][ff]) return; // checker is piece with suspended checking power
+       cl->check++;
+       xqCheckers[rf][ff] = xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] & 1; // remember who is checking (if status == 1)
+    }
+    if( (int)board[EP_STATUS] == EP_ROYAL_LION && (board[rt][ft] == WhiteLion || board[rt][ft] == BlackLion)
+       && (gameInfo.variant != VariantLion || board[rf][ff] != WhiteKing && board[rf][ff] != BlackKing) )
+       cl->check++; // [HGM] lion: forbidden counterstrike against Lion equated to putting yourself in check
 }
 
 
@@ -954,40 +1692,64 @@ void CheckTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
    e.p. capture.  The possibility of castling out of a check along the
    back rank is not accounted for (i.e., we still return nonzero), as
    this is illegal anyway.  Return value is the number of times the
-   king is in check. */ 
-int CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, enPassant)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft, enPassant;
+   king is in check. */
+int
+CheckTest (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, int enPassant)
 {
     CheckTestClosure cl;
     ChessSquare king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteKing : BlackKing;
-    ChessSquare captured = EmptySquare;
+    ChessSquare captured = EmptySquare, ep=0, trampled=0, trampled2 = 0;
+    int saveKill = killX;
     /*  Suppress warnings on uninitialized variables    */
 
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi)
         king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteWazir : BlackWazir;
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantKnightmate)
         king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteUnicorn : BlackUnicorn;
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu || gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) { // strictly speaking this is not needed, as Chu officially has no check
+       int r, f, k = king, royals=0, prince = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteMonarch : BlackMonarch;
+       if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) prince -= 11;                   // White/BlackFalcon
+       for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) {
+           if(board[r][f] == k || board[r][f] == prince) {
+               if(++royals > 1) return FALSE; // no check if we have two royals (ignores double captureby Lion!)
+               king = board[r][f]; // remember hich one we had
+           }
+       }
+    }
 
-    if (rf >= 0) {
+    if (rt >= 0) {
        if (enPassant) {
            captured = board[rf][ft];
            board[rf][ft] = EmptySquare;
        } else {
-           captured = board[rt][ft];
+           captured = board[rt][ft];
+           if(killX >= 0) {
+               trampled = board[killY][killX]; board[killY][killX] = EmptySquare; killX = -1; saveKill += (kill2X << 16) + (1 << 30);
+               if(kill2X >= 0) { trampled2 = board[kill2Y][kill2X]; board[kill2Y][kill2X] = EmptySquare; kill2X = -1; }
+           }
+       }
+       if(rf == DROP_RANK) board[rt][ft] = ff; else { // [HGM] drop
+           board[rt][ft] = board[rf][ff];
+           if(rf != rt || ff != ft) board[rf][ff] = EmptySquare;
+       }
+       ep = board[EP_STATUS];
+       if( captured == WhiteLion || captured == BlackLion ) { // [HGM] lion: Chu Lion-capture rules
+           ChessSquare victim = saveKill < 0 ? EmptySquare : trampled;
+           if( (board[rt][ft] == WhiteLion || board[rt][ft] == BlackLion) &&           // capturer is Lion
+               (ff - ft > 1 || ft - ff > 1 || rf - rt > 1 || rt - rf > 1) &&           // captures from a distance
+               (victim == EmptySquare || victim == WhitePawn || victim == BlackPawn    // no or worthless 'bridge'
+                                    || victim == WhiteCobra || victim == BlackCobra) ) // (Pawn or Go Between)
+                    board[EP_STATUS] = EP_ROYAL_LION; // on distant Lion x Lion victim must not be pseudo-legally protected
        }
-       board[rt][ft] = board[rf][ff];
-       board[rf][ff] = EmptySquare;
     }
 
     /* For compatibility with ICS wild 9, we scan the board in the
        order a1, a2, a3, ... b1, b2, ..., h8 to find the first king,
        and we test only whether that one is in check. */
-    cl.check = 0;
     for (cl.fking = BOARD_LEFT+0; cl.fking < BOARD_RGHT; cl.fking++)
        for (cl.rking = 0; cl.rking < BOARD_HEIGHT; cl.rking++) {
           if (board[cl.rking][cl.fking] == king) {
+             cl.check = 0;
               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi) {
                   /* [HGM] In Xiangqi opposing Kings means check as well */
                   int i, dir;
@@ -998,126 +1760,215 @@ int CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, enPassant)
                       board[i][cl.fking] == (dir>0 ? BlackWazir : WhiteWazir) )
                           cl.check++;
               }
-
-             GenPseudoLegal(board, flags ^ F_WHITE_ON_MOVE, -1,
-                            CheckTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
-             goto undo_move;  /* 2-level break */
+             GenPseudoLegal(board, flags ^ F_WHITE_ON_MOVE, CheckTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, EmptySquare);
+             if(gameInfo.variant != VariantSpartan || cl.check == 0) // in Spartan Chess go on to test if other King is checked too
+                goto undo_move;  /* 2-level break */
          }
       }
 
   undo_move:
 
-    if (rf >= 0) {
-       board[rf][ff] = board[rt][ft];
+    if (rt >= 0) {
+       if(rf != DROP_RANK) // [HGM] drop
+           board[rf][ff] = board[rt][ft];
        if (enPassant) {
            board[rf][ft] = captured;
            board[rt][ft] = EmptySquare;
        } else {
+           if(saveKill >= 0) {
+               if(saveKill & 1<<30) board[kill2Y][kill2X = saveKill >> 16 & 0xFFF] = trampled2;
+               board[killY][killX = saveKill & 0xFFF] = trampled;
+           }
            board[rt][ft] = captured;
        }
+       board[EP_STATUS] = ep;
     }
 
     return cl.fking < BOARD_RGHT ? cl.check : 1000; // [HGM] atomic: return 1000 if we have no king
 }
 
+int
+HasLion (Board board, int flags)
+{
+    int lion = F_WHITE_ON_MOVE & flags ? WhiteLion : BlackLion;
+    int r, f;
+    for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++)
+        if(board[r][f] == lion) return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+ChessMove
+LegalDrop (Board board, int flags, ChessSquare piece, int rt, int ft)
+{   // [HGM] put drop legality testing in separate routine for clarity
+    int n;
+if(appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "LegalDrop: %d @ %d,%d)\n", piece, ft, rt);
+    if(board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) return ImpossibleMove; // must drop to empty square
+    n = PieceToNumber(piece);
+    if((gameInfo.holdingsWidth == 0 || (flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? board[n][BOARD_WIDTH-1] : board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1-n][0]) != piece)
+       && gameInfo.variant != VariantBughouse) // in bughouse we don't check for availability, because ICS doesn't always tell us
+        return ImpossibleMove; // piece not available
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) { // in Shogi lots of drops are forbidden!
+        if((piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && rt == BOARD_HEIGHT-1 ||
+           (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && rt == 0 ||
+            piece == WhiteKnight && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3 ||
+            piece == BlackKnight && rt < 2 ) return IllegalMove; // e.g. where dropped piece has no moves
+        if(piece == WhitePawn || piece == BlackPawn) {
+            int r, max = 1 + (BOARD_HEIGHT == 7); // two Pawns per file in Tori!
+            for(r=1; r<BOARD_HEIGHT-1; r++)
+                if(!(max -= (board[r][ft] == piece))) return IllegalMove; // or there already is a Pawn in file
+            // should still test if we mate with this Pawn
+        }
+    } else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess) { // only back-rank drops
+        if (rt != (piece < BlackPawn ? 0 : BOARD_HEIGHT-1)) return IllegalMove;
+    } else {
+        if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == BlackPawn) &&
+            (rt == 0 || rt == BOARD_HEIGHT -1 ) )
+            return IllegalMove; /* no pawn drops on 1st/8th */
+    }
+if(appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "LegalDrop: %d @ %d,%d)\n", piece, ft, rt);
+    if (!(flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) &&
+       CheckTest(board, flags, DROP_RANK, piece, rt, ft, FALSE) ) return IllegalMove;
+    return flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteDrop : BlackDrop;
+}
 
 extern void LegalityTestCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                    int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                    VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void LegalityTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+LegalityTestCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register LegalityTestClosure *cl = (LegalityTestClosure *) closure;
 
-//    if (appData.debugMode) {
-//        fprintf(debugFP, "Legality test: %c%c%c%c\n", ff+AAA, rf+ONE, ft+AAA, rt+ONE);
-//    }
     if(board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare || kind==WhiteCapturesEnPassant || kind==BlackCapturesEnPassant)
        cl->captures++; // [HGM] losers: count legal captures
     if (rf == cl->rf && ff == cl->ff && rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft)
       cl->kind = kind;
 }
 
-ChessMove LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar;
-     char castlingRights[];
+ChessMove
+LegalityTest (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, int promoChar)
 {
-    LegalityTestClosure cl; ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
-    
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        int i;
-        for(i=0; i<6; i++) fprintf(debugFP, "%d ", castlingRights[i]);
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Legality test? %c%c%c%c\n", ff+AAA, rf+ONE, ft+AAA, rt+ONE);
-    }
-    /* [HGM] Lance, Cobra and Falcon are wildcard pieces; consider all their moves legal */
+    LegalityTestClosure cl; ChessSquare piece, filterPiece;
+
+    if(quickFlag) flags = flags & ~1 | quickFlag & 1; // [HGM] speed: in quick mode quickFlag specifies side-to-move.
+    if(rf == DROP_RANK) return LegalDrop(board, flags, ff, rt, ft);
+    piece = filterPiece = board[rf][ff];
+    if(PieceToChar(piece) == '~') filterPiece = DEMOTED(piece);
+
+    /* [HGM] Cobra and Falcon are wildcard pieces; consider all their moves legal */
     /* (perhaps we should disallow moves that obviously leave us in check?)              */
-    if(piece == WhiteFalcon || piece == BlackFalcon ||
-       piece == WhiteCobra  || piece == BlackCobra  ||
-       piece == WhiteLance  || piece == BlackLance)
+    if((piece == WhiteFalcon || piece == BlackFalcon ||
+        piece == WhiteCobra  || piece == BlackCobra) && gameInfo.variant != VariantChu && !pieceDesc[piece])
         return CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, FALSE) ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
 
     cl.rf = rf;
     cl.ff = ff;
-    cl.rt = rt;
-    cl.ft = ft;
+    cl.rt = rFilter = rt; // [HGM] speed: filter on to-square
+    cl.ft = fFilter = ft;
     cl.kind = IllegalMove;
     cl.captures = 0; // [HGM] losers: prepare to count legal captures.
-    GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, LegalityTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+    if(flags & F_MANDATORY_CAPTURE) filterPiece = EmptySquare; // [HGM] speed: do not filter in suicide, to find all captures
+    GenLegal(board, flags, LegalityTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, filterPiece);
     if((flags & F_MANDATORY_CAPTURE) && cl.captures && board[rt][ft] == EmptySquare
                && cl.kind != WhiteCapturesEnPassant && cl.kind != BlackCapturesEnPassant)
        return(IllegalMove); // [HGM] losers: if there are legal captures, non-capts are illegal
 
+    if(promoChar == 'x') promoChar = NULLCHAR; // [HGM] is this ever the case?
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess && promoChar && promoChar != '=' && board[rf][ff] != WhitePawn && board[rf][ff] != BlackPawn) {
+        if(board[rf][ff] < BlackPawn) { // white
+            if(rf != 0) return IllegalMove; // must be on back rank
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][ff] & VIRGIN_W)) return IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToUpper(promoChar)))][BOARD_WIDTH-2] == 0) return ImpossibleMove;// must be in stock
+            if(cl.kind == WhiteHSideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+            if(cl.kind == WhiteASideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+        } else {
+            if(rf != BOARD_HEIGHT-1) return IllegalMove;
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][ff] & VIRGIN_B)) return IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1-PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToLower(promoChar)))][1] == 0) return ImpossibleMove;
+            if(cl.kind == BlackHSideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+            if(cl.kind == BlackASideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+        }
+    } else
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) {
+        if(cl.kind != NormalMove || promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == '=') return cl.kind;
+        if(promoChar != '+')
+            return CharToPiece(promoChar) == EmptySquare ? ImpossibleMove : IllegalMove;
+        if(PieceToChar(CHUPROMOTED(board[rf][ff])) != '+') {
+           if(PieceToChar(CHUPROMOTED (board[rf][ff] < BlackPawn ? WhitePawn : BlackPawn)) != '.')
+           return ImpossibleMove;
+       }
+        return flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhitePromotion : BlackPromotion;
+    } else
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
         /* [HGM] Shogi promotions. '=' means defer */
         if(rf != DROP_RANK && cl.kind == NormalMove) {
             ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
+            int zone = BOARD_HEIGHT/3 + (BOARD_HEIGHT == 8);
 
             if(promoChar == PieceToChar(BlackQueen)) promoChar = NULLCHAR; /* [HGM] Kludge */
-            if(promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != 'x' &&
-               promoChar != '+' && promoChar != '=' &&
-               ToUpper(PieceToChar(PROMOTED piece)) != ToUpper(promoChar) )
-                    cl.kind = IllegalMove;
+            if(promoChar == 'd' && (piece == WhiteRook   || piece == BlackRook)   ||
+               promoChar == 'h' && (piece == WhiteBishop || piece == BlackBishop) ||
+               promoChar == 'g' && (piece <= WhiteFerz || piece <= BlackFerz && piece >= BlackPawn) )
+                  promoChar = '+'; // allowed ICS notations
+if(appData.debugMode)fprintf(debugFP,"SHOGI promoChar = %c\n", promoChar ? promoChar : '-');
+            if(promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != '+' && promoChar != '=')
+                return CharToPiece(promoChar) == EmptySquare ? ImpossibleMove : IllegalMove;
             else if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
                 if( (int) piece < (int) WhiteWazir &&
-                     (rf > BOARD_HEIGHT-4 || rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-4) ) {
+                     (rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT - zone || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT - zone) ) {
                     if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ||
                          piece == WhiteKnight && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3) /* promotion mandatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? NormalMove  : WhitePromotionQueen;
-                   
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? WhitePromotion : WhiteNonPromotion;
+                } else cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             } else {
-                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (rf < 3 || rt < 3) ) {
+                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (rf < zone || rt < zone) ) {
                     if( (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && rt < 1 ||
                          piece == BlackKnight && rt < 2 ) /* promotion obligatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? NormalMove  : BlackPromotionQueen;
-
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? BlackPromotion : BlackNonPromotion;
+                } else cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             }
         }
     } else
-    if (promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != 'x') {
+    if (promoChar != NULLCHAR) {
+       if(cl.kind == NormalMove && promoChar == '+') { // allow shogi-style promotion is pieceToChar specifies them
+            ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
+            if(piece < BlackPawn ? piece > WhiteMan : piece > BlackMan) return ImpossibleMove; // already promoted
+            // should test if in zone, really
+            if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && (piece == WhiteKnight || piece == BlackKnight) && HasLion(board, flags))
+                return IllegalMove;
+            if(PieceToChar(PROMOTED(piece)) == '+') return flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhitePromotion : BlackPromotion;
+        } else
        if(promoChar == '=') cl.kind = IllegalMove; else // [HGM] shogi: no deferred promotion outside Shogi
-       if (cl.kind == WhitePromotionQueen || cl.kind == BlackPromotionQueen) {
-           cl.kind = 
-             PromoCharToMoveType((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != 0, promoChar);
+       if (cl.kind == WhitePromotion || cl.kind == BlackPromotion) {
+           ChessSquare piece = CharToPiece(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? ToUpper(promoChar) : ToLower(promoChar));
+           if(piece == EmptySquare)
+                cl.kind = ImpossibleMove; // non-existing piece
+           if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && promoChar == 'l' && HasLion(board, flags)) {
+                cl.kind = IllegalMove; // no two Lions
+           } else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan && cl.kind == BlackPromotion ) {
+               if(promoChar != PieceToChar(BlackKing)) {
+                   if(CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, FALSE)) cl.kind = IllegalMove; // [HGM] spartan: only promotion to King was possible
+                   if(piece == BlackLance) cl.kind = ImpossibleMove;
+               } else { // promotion to King allowed only if we do not have two yet
+                   int r, f, kings = 0;
+                   for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) kings += (board[r][f] == BlackKing);
+                   if(kings == 2) cl.kind = IllegalMove;
+               }
+           } else if(piece == WhitePawn && rt == BOARD_HEIGHT-1 ||
+                         piece == BlackPawn && rt == 0) cl.kind = IllegalMove; // cannot stay Pawn on last rank in any variant
+           else if((piece == WhiteUnicorn || piece == BlackUnicorn) && gameInfo.variant == VariantKnightmate)
+             cl.kind = IllegalMove; // promotion to Royal Knight not allowed
+           else if((piece == WhiteKing || piece == BlackKing) && gameInfo.variant != VariantSuicide && gameInfo.variant != VariantGiveaway)
+             cl.kind = IllegalMove; // promotion to King usually not allowed
        } else {
            cl.kind = IllegalMove;
        }
     }
-    /* [HGM] For promotions, 'ToQueen' = optional, 'ToKnight' = mandatory */
     return cl.kind;
 }
 
@@ -1129,12 +1980,8 @@ extern void MateTestCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void MateTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+MateTestCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register MateTestClosure *cl = (MateTestClosure *) closure;
 
@@ -1142,16 +1989,14 @@ void MateTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
 }
 
 /* Return MT_NONE, MT_CHECK, MT_CHECKMATE, or MT_STALEMATE */
-int MateTest(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     char castlingRights[];
+int
+MateTest (Board board, int flags)
 {
     MateTestClosure cl;
     int inCheck, r, f, myPieces=0, hisPieces=0, nrKing=0;
     ChessSquare king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteKing : BlackKing;
 
-    for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) { 
+    for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) {
         // [HGM] losers: Count pieces and kings, to detect other unorthodox winning conditions
        nrKing += (board[r][f] == king);   // stm has king
         if( board[r][f] != EmptySquare ) {
@@ -1160,7 +2005,6 @@ int MateTest(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights)
            else hisPieces++;
        }
     }
-    if(appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "MateTest: K=%d, my=%d, his=%d\n", nrKing, myPieces, hisPieces);
     switch(gameInfo.variant) { // [HGM] losers: extinction wins
        case VariantShatranj:
                if(hisPieces == 1) return myPieces > 1 ? MT_BARE : MT_DRAW;
@@ -1173,143 +2017,216 @@ int MateTest(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights)
                if(myPieces == 1) return MT_BARE;
     }
     cl.count = 0;
-    inCheck = GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, MateTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+    inCheck = GenLegal(board, flags, MateTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, EmptySquare);
     // [HGM] 3check: yet to do!
     if (cl.count > 0) {
        return inCheck ? MT_CHECK : MT_NONE;
     } else {
+        if(gameInfo.holdingsWidth && gameInfo.variant != VariantSuper && gameInfo.variant != VariantGreat
+                                 && gameInfo.variant != VariantSChess && gameInfo.variant != VariantGrand) { // drop game
+            int r, f, n, holdings = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? BOARD_WIDTH-1 : 0;
+            for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) if(board[r][f] == EmptySquare) // all empty squares
+                for(n=0; n<BOARD_HEIGHT; n++) // all pieces in hand
+                    if(board[n][holdings] != EmptySquare) {
+                        int moveType = LegalDrop(board, flags, board[n][holdings], r, f);
+                        if(moveType == WhiteDrop || moveType == BlackDrop) return (inCheck ? MT_CHECK : MT_NONE); // we have legal drop
+                    }
+        }
        if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSuicide) // [HGM] losers: always stalemate, since no check, but result varies
                return myPieces == hisPieces ? MT_STALEMATE :
                                        myPieces > hisPieces ? MT_STAINMATE : MT_STEALMATE;
        else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantLosers) return inCheck ? MT_TRICKMATE : MT_STEALMATE;
        else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantGiveaway) return MT_STEALMATE; // no check exists, stalemated = win
-                                           
-        return inCheck ? MT_CHECKMATE 
-                      : (gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi || gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj) ? 
+
+        return inCheck ? MT_CHECKMATE
+                      : (gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi || gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj || IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant)) ?
                          MT_STAINMATE : MT_STALEMATE;
     }
 }
 
-     
+
 extern void DisambiguateCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                    int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                    VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void DisambiguateCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+DisambiguateCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register DisambiguateClosure *cl = (DisambiguateClosure *) closure;
     int wildCard = FALSE; ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
+    extern int kifu; // in parser.c
 
     // [HGM] wild: for wild-card pieces rt and rf are dummies
     if(piece == WhiteFalcon || piece == BlackFalcon ||
-       piece == WhiteCobra  || piece == BlackCobra  ||
-       piece == WhiteLance  || piece == BlackLance)
-        wildCard = TRUE;
+       piece == WhiteCobra  || piece == BlackCobra)
+        wildCard = !pieceDefs; // no wildcards when engine defined pieces
 
     if ((cl->pieceIn == EmptySquare || cl->pieceIn == board[rf][ff]
          || PieceToChar(board[rf][ff]) == '~'
-              && cl->pieceIn == (ChessSquare)(DEMOTED board[rf][ff])
+              && cl->pieceIn == (ChessSquare)(DEMOTED(board[rf][ff]))
                                                                       ) &&
        (cl->rfIn == -1 || cl->rfIn == rf) &&
        (cl->ffIn == -1 || cl->ffIn == ff) &&
        (cl->rtIn == -1 || cl->rtIn == rt || wildCard) &&
        (cl->ftIn == -1 || cl->ftIn == ft || wildCard)) {
 
+       if(cl->count && rf == cl->rf && ff == cl->ff && rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft) return; // duplicate move
+
+       if(cl->count == 1 && kifu & 0x7E && cl->rfIn == -1 && cl->ffIn == -1) { // traditional Shogi disambiguation required
+           int this = 1, other = 1;
+           if(kifu & 2) this &= (flags & 1 ? rt > rf : rt < rf), other &= (flags & 1 ? cl->rt > cl->rf : cl->rt < cl->rf);
+           if(kifu & 4) this &= (flags & 1 ? rt < rf : rt > rf), other &= (flags & 1 ? cl->rt < cl->rf : cl->rt > cl->rf);
+           if(kifu & 8) this &= (rf == rt), other &= (cl->rt == cl->rf);
+           if(kifu & 0x10) this &= (flags & 1 ? ft <= ff : ft >= ff), other &= (flags & 1 ? cl->ft <= cl->ff : cl->ft >= cl->ff);
+           if(kifu & 0x20) this &= (flags & 1 ? ft >= ff : ft <= ff), other &= (flags & 1 ? cl->ft >= cl->ff : cl->ft <= cl->ff);
+           if(kifu & 0x40) this &= (ft == ff), other &= (cl->ft == cl->ff); // should never be used
+           if(!other) cl->count--; // the old move did not satisfy the requested relative position, erase it
+           if(!this) return;       // the current move does not satisfy the requested relative position, ignore it
+       }
+
        cl->count++;
-        cl->piece = board[rf][ff];
-       cl->rf = rf;
-       cl->ff = ff;
-       cl->rt = wildCard ? cl->rtIn : rt;
-       cl->ft = wildCard ? cl->ftIn : ft;
-       cl->kind = kind;
+       if(cl->count == 1 || board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) {
+         // [HGM] oneclick: if multiple moves, be sure we remember capture
+         cl->piece = board[rf][ff];
+         cl->rf = rf;
+         cl->ff = ff;
+         cl->rt = wildCard ? cl->rtIn : rt;
+         cl->ft = wildCard ? cl->ftIn : ft;
+         cl->kind = kind;
+       }
+       cl->captures += (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare); // [HGM] oneclick: count captures
     }
 }
 
-void Disambiguate(board, flags, epfile, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     DisambiguateClosure *closure;
+void
+Disambiguate (Board board, int flags, DisambiguateClosure *closure)
 {
     int illegal = 0; char c = closure->promoCharIn;
 
-    closure->count = 0;
+    if(quickFlag) flags = flags & ~1 | quickFlag & 1; // [HGM] speed: in quick mode quickFlag specifies side-to-move.
+    closure->count = closure->captures = 0;
     closure->rf = closure->ff = closure->rt = closure->ft = 0;
     closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Disambiguate in:  %d(%d,%d)-(%d,%d) = %d (%c)\n",
-                             closure->pieceIn,closure->ffIn,closure->rfIn,closure->ftIn,closure->rtIn,
-                             closure->promoCharIn, closure->promoCharIn >= ' ' ? closure->promoCharIn : '-');
-    }
-    GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, initialRights, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure);
+    rFilter = closure->rtIn; // [HGM] speed: only consider moves to given to-square
+    fFilter = closure->ftIn;
+    if(quickFlag) { // [HGM] speed: try without check test first, because if that is not ambiguous, we are happy
+        GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn);
+        if(closure->count > 1) { // gamble did not pay off. retry with check test to resolve ambiguity
+            closure->count = closure->captures = 0;
+            closure->rf = closure->ff = closure->rt = closure->ft = 0;
+            closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            GenLegal(board, flags, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn); // [HGM] speed: only pieces of requested type
+        }
+    } else
+    GenLegal(board, flags, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn); // [HGM] speed: only pieces of requested type
     if (closure->count == 0) {
        /* See if it's an illegal move due to check */
         illegal = 1;
-        GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, epfile, initialRights, DisambiguateCallback,
-                (VOIDSTAR) closure);   
+        GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn);
        if (closure->count == 0) {
            /* No, it's not even that */
-    if (appData.debugMode) { int i, j;
-       for(i=BOARD_HEIGHT-1; i>=0; i--) {
-               for(j=0; j<BOARD_WIDTH; j++)
-                       fprintf(debugFP, "%3d", (int) board[i][j]);
-               fprintf(debugFP, "\n");
-       }
-    }
+         if(!appData.testLegality && !pieceDefs && closure->pieceIn != EmptySquare) {
+           int f, r; // if there is only a single piece of the requested type on the board, use that
+           closure->rt = closure->rtIn, closure->ft = closure->ftIn;
+           for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++)
+               if(board[r][f] == closure->pieceIn) closure->count++, closure->rf = r, closure->ff = f;
+           if(closure->count > 1) illegal = 0; // ambiguous
+         }
+         if(closure->count == 0) {
+           if (appData.debugMode) { int i, j;
+               for(i=BOARD_HEIGHT-1; i>=0; i--) {
+                   for(j=0; j<BOARD_WIDTH; j++)
+                       fprintf(debugFP, "%3d", (int) board[i][j]);
+                   fprintf(debugFP, "\n");
+               }
+           }
            return;
+         }
        }
+    } else if(pieceDefs && closure->count > 1 && closure->rtIn >=0) { // [HGM] gen: move is ambiguous under engine-defined rules (and not one-click)
+       DisambiguateClosure spare = *closure;
+       pieceDefs = FALSE; spare.count = 0;     // See if the (erroneous) built-in rules would resolve that
+        GenLegal(board, flags, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &spare, closure->pieceIn);
+       if(spare.count == 1) *closure = spare;  // It does, so use those in stead (game from file saved before gen patch?)
+       pieceDefs = TRUE;
     }
 
+    if (c == 'x') c = NULLCHAR; // get rid of any 'x' (which should never happen?)
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess && c && c != '=' && closure->piece != WhitePawn && closure->piece != BlackPawn) {
+        if(closure->piece < BlackPawn) { // white
+            if(closure->rf != 0) closure->kind = IllegalMove; // must be on back rank
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][closure->ff] & VIRGIN_W)) closure->kind = IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToUpper(c)))][BOARD_WIDTH-2] == 0) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;// must be in stock
+            if(closure->kind == WhiteHSideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            if(closure->kind == WhiteASideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+        } else {
+            if(closure->rf != BOARD_HEIGHT-1) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][closure->ff] & VIRGIN_B)) closure->kind = IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1-PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToLower(c)))][1] == 0) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            if(closure->kind == BlackHSideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            if(closure->kind == BlackASideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+        }
+    } else
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) {
+        if(c == '+') closure->kind = (flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhitePromotion : BlackPromotion); // for now, accept any
+    } else
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
-        /* [HGM] Shogi promotions. '=' means defer */
+        /* [HGM] Shogi promotions. On input, '=' means defer, '+' promote. Afterwards, c is set to '+' for promotions, NULL other */
         if(closure->rfIn != DROP_RANK && closure->kind == NormalMove) {
             ChessSquare piece = closure->piece;
-            if(c != NULLCHAR && c != 'x' && c != '+' && c != '=' &&
-               ToUpper(PieceToChar(PROMOTED piece)) != ToUpper(c) ) 
-                    closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+            int zone = BOARD_HEIGHT/3 + (BOARD_HEIGHT == 8);
+            if (c == 'd' && (piece == WhiteRook   || piece == BlackRook)   ||
+                c == 'h' && (piece == WhiteBishop || piece == BlackBishop) ||
+                c == 'g' && (piece <= WhiteFerz || piece <= BlackFerz && piece >= BlackPawn) )
+                   c = '+'; // allowed ICS notations
+            if(c != NULLCHAR && c != '+' && c != '=') closure->kind = IllegalMove; // otherwise specifying a piece is illegal
             else if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
                 if( (int) piece < (int) WhiteWazir &&
-                     (closure->rf > BOARD_HEIGHT-4 || closure->rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-4) ) {
+                     (closure->rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-zone || closure->rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT-zone) ) {
                     if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && closure->rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ||
                          piece == WhiteKnight && closure->rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3) /* promotion mandatory */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? NormalMove  : WhitePromotionQueen;
-                   
-                } else closure->kind = (c == NULLCHAR || c == 'x' || c == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       closure->kind = c == '+' ? WhitePromotion : WhiteNonPromotion;
+                } else closure->kind = c == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             } else {
-                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (closure->rf < 3 || closure->rt < 3) ) {
+                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (closure->rf < zone || closure->rt < zone) ) {
                     if( (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && closure->rt < 1 ||
                          piece == BlackKnight && closure->rt < 2 ) /* promotion obligatory */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? NormalMove  : BlackPromotionQueen;
-
-                } else closure->kind = (c == NULLCHAR || c == 'x' || c == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       closure->kind = c == '+' ? BlackPromotion : BlackNonPromotion;
+                } else closure->kind = c == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             }
         }
+        if(closure->kind == WhitePromotion || closure->kind == BlackPromotion) c = '+'; else
+        if(closure->kind == WhiteNonPromotion || closure->kind == BlackNonPromotion) c = '=';
     } else
-    if (closure->promoCharIn != NULLCHAR && closure->promoCharIn != 'x') {
-       if (closure->kind == WhitePromotionQueen
-           || closure->kind == BlackPromotionQueen) {
-           closure->kind = 
-             PromoCharToMoveType((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != 0,
-                                 closure->promoCharIn);
-       } else {
-           closure->kind = IllegalMove;
-       }
-    }
-    /* [HGM] returns 'q' for optional promotion, 'n' for mandatory */
-    if(closure->promoCharIn != '=')
-        closure->promoChar = ToLower(closure->promoCharIn);
-    else closure->promoChar = '=';
-    if (closure->promoChar == 'x') closure->promoChar = NULLCHAR;
+    if (closure->kind == WhitePromotion || closure->kind == BlackPromotion) {
+        if(c == NULLCHAR) { // missing promoChar on mandatory promotion; use default for variant
+            if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj || gameInfo.variant == VariantCourier ||
+               gameInfo.variant == VariantMakruk)
+                c = PieceToChar(BlackFerz);
+            else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantASEAN)
+                c = PieceToChar(BlackRook);
+            else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantGreat)
+                c = PieceToChar(BlackMan);
+            else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantGrand)
+                   closure->kind = closure->rt != 0 && closure->rt != BOARD_HEIGHT-1 ? NormalMove : AmbiguousMove; // no default in Grand Chess
+            else
+                c = PieceToChar(BlackQueen);
+        } else if(c == '=') closure->kind = IllegalMove; // no deferral outside Shogi
+        else if(c == 'l' && gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && HasLion(board, flags)) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+    } else if (c == '+') { // '+' outside shogi, check if pieceToCharTable enabled it
+        ChessSquare p = closure->piece;
+        if(p > WhiteMan && p < BlackPawn || p > BlackMan || PieceToChar(PROMOTED(p)) != '+')
+            closure->kind = ImpossibleMove; // used on non-promotable piece
+        else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && HasLion(board, flags)) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+    } else if (c != NULLCHAR) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+
+    closure->promoChar = ToLower(c); // this can be NULLCHAR! Note we keep original promoChar even if illegal.
+    if(c != '+' && c != '=' && c != NULLCHAR && CharToPiece(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? ToUpper(c) : ToLower(c)) == EmptySquare)
+       closure->kind = ImpossibleMove; // but we cannot handle non-existing piece types!
     if (closure->count > 1) {
        closure->kind = AmbiguousMove;
     }
@@ -1320,14 +2237,6 @@ void Disambiguate(board, flags, epfile, closure)
        */
        closure->kind = IllegalMove;
     }
-    if(closure->kind == IllegalMove)
-    /* [HGM] might be a variant we don't understand, pass on promotion info */
-        closure->promoChar = ToLower(closure->promoCharIn);
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Disambiguate out: %d(%d,%d)-(%d,%d) = %d (%c)\n",
-        closure->piece,closure->ff,closure->rf,closure->ft,closure->rt,closure->promoChar,
-       closure->promoChar >= ' ' ? closure->promoChar:'-');
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -1346,20 +2255,16 @@ extern void CoordsToAlgebraicCallback P((Board board, int flags,
                                         ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff,
                                         int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void CoordsToAlgebraicCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+CoordsToAlgebraicCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register CoordsToAlgebraicClosure *cl =
       (CoordsToAlgebraicClosure *) closure;
 
-    if (rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft &&
+    if ((rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft || rt == rf && ft == ff) && // [HGM] null move matches any toSquare
         (board[rf][ff] == cl->piece
          || PieceToChar(board[rf][ff]) == '~' &&
-            (ChessSquare) (DEMOTED board[rf][ff]) == cl->piece)
+            (ChessSquare) (DEMOTED(board[rf][ff])) == cl->piece)
                                      ) {
        if (rf == cl->rf) {
            if (ff == cl->ff) {
@@ -1373,27 +2278,23 @@ void CoordsToAlgebraicCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
            } else {
                cl->either++; /* rank or file will rule out this move */
            }
-       }           
+       }
     }
 }
 
 /* Convert coordinates to normal algebraic notation.
    promoChar must be NULLCHAR or 'x' if not a promotion.
 */
-ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
-                           rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar, out)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     int promoChar;
-     char out[MOVE_LEN];
+ChessMove
+CoordsToAlgebraic (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, int promoChar, char out[MOVE_LEN])
 {
     ChessSquare piece;
     ChessMove kind;
-    char *outp = out, c;
+    char *outp = out, c, capture;
     CoordsToAlgebraicClosure cl;
-    
+
     if (rf == DROP_RANK) {
+       if(ff == EmptySquare) { strncpy(outp, "--",3); return NormalMove; } // [HGM] pass
        /* Bughouse piece drop */
        *outp++ = ToUpper(PieceToChar((ChessSquare) ff));
        *outp++ = '@';
@@ -1407,32 +2308,30 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
 
     if (promoChar == 'x') promoChar = NULLCHAR;
     piece = board[rf][ff];
-    if(PieceToChar(piece)=='~') piece = (ChessSquare)(DEMOTED piece);
+    if(PieceToChar(piece)=='~') piece = (ChessSquare)(DEMOTED(piece));
 
-  if (appData.debugMode)
-          fprintf(debugFP, "CoordsToAlgebraic, piece=%d (%d,%d)-(%d,%d) %c\n", (int)piece,ff,rf,ft,rt,promoChar >= ' ' ? promoChar : '-');
     switch (piece) {
       case WhitePawn:
       case BlackPawn:
-        kind = LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, initialRights, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+        kind = LegalityTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
        if (kind == IllegalMove && !(flags&F_IGNORE_CHECK)) {
            /* Keep short notation if move is illegal only because it
                leaves the player in check, but still return IllegalMove */
-            kind = LegalityTest(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, epfile, initialRights,
-                              rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+            kind = LegalityTest(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
            if (kind == IllegalMove) break;
            kind = IllegalMove;
        }
        /* Pawn move */
         *outp++ = ff + AAA;
-        if (ff == ft && board[rt][ft] == EmptySquare) { /* [HGM] Xiangqi has straight noncapts! */
+       capture = board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare || kind == WhiteCapturesEnPassant || kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant;
+        if (ff == ft && !capture) { /* [HGM] Xiangqi has straight noncapts! */
            /* Non-capture; use style "e5" */
             if(rt+ONE <= '9')
                *outp++ = rt + ONE;
             else { *outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')/10 + '0';*outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')%10 + '0'; }
        } else {
            /* Capture; use style "exd5" */
-            if(gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare )
+            if(capture)
             *outp++ = 'x';  /* [HGM] Xiangqi has sideway noncaptures across river! */
             *outp++ = ft + AAA;
             if(rt+ONE <= '9')
@@ -1441,10 +2340,8 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        }
        /* Use promotion suffix style "=Q" */
        *outp = NULLCHAR;
-  if (appData.debugMode)
-          fprintf(debugFP, "movetype=%d, promochar=%d=%c\n", (int)kind, promoChar, promoChar >= ' ' ? promoChar : '-');
         if (promoChar != NULLCHAR) {
-            if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
+            if(IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant)) {
                 /* [HGM] ... but not in Shogi! */
                 *outp++ = promoChar == '=' ? '=' : '+';
             } else {
@@ -1455,28 +2352,31 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        }
         return kind;
 
-       
+
       case WhiteKing:
       case BlackKing:
         /* Fabien moved code: FRC castling first (if KxR), wild castling second */
        /* Code added by Tord:  FRC castling. */
        if((piece == WhiteKing && board[rt][ft] == WhiteRook) ||
           (piece == BlackKing && board[rt][ft] == BlackRook)) {
-         if(ft > ff) strcpy(out, "O-O"); else strcpy(out, "O-O-O");
-            return LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, initialRights,
-                               rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+         if(ft > ff)
+           safeStrCpy(out, "O-O", MOVE_LEN);
+         else
+           safeStrCpy(out, "O-O-O", MOVE_LEN);
+         return LegalityTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
        }
        /* End of code added by Tord */
        /* Test for castling or ICS wild castling */
        /* Use style "O-O" (oh-oh) for PGN compatibility */
        else if (rf == rt &&
            rf == ((piece == WhiteKing) ? 0 : BOARD_HEIGHT-1) &&
+            (ft - ff > 1 || ff - ft > 1) &&  // No castling if legal King move (on narrow boards!)
             ((ff == BOARD_WIDTH>>1 && (ft == BOARD_LEFT+2 || ft == BOARD_RGHT-2)) ||
              (ff == (BOARD_WIDTH-1)>>1 && (ft == BOARD_LEFT+1 || ft == BOARD_RGHT-3)))) {
             if(ft==BOARD_LEFT+1 || ft==BOARD_RGHT-2)
-               strcpy(out, "O-O");
+             snprintf(out, MOVE_LEN, "O-O%c%c", promoChar ? '/' : 0, ToUpper(promoChar));
             else
-               strcpy(out, "O-O-O");
+             snprintf(out, MOVE_LEN, "O-O-O%c%c", promoChar ? '/' : 0, ToUpper(promoChar));
 
            /* This notation is always unambiguous, unless there are
               kings on both the d and e files, with "wild castling"
@@ -1486,8 +2386,7 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
               this situation.  So I am not going to worry about it;
               I'll just generate an ambiguous O-O in this case.
            */
-            return LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, initialRights,
-                               rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+            return LegalityTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
        }
 
        /* else fall through */
@@ -1495,20 +2394,19 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        /* Piece move */
        cl.rf = rf;
        cl.ff = ff;
-       cl.rt = rt;
-       cl.ft = ft;
+       cl.rt = rFilter = rt; // [HGM] speed: filter on to-square
+       cl.ft = fFilter = ft;
        cl.piece = piece;
        cl.kind = IllegalMove;
        cl.rank = cl.file = cl.either = 0;
-        GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, initialRights,
-                CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+        c = PieceToChar(piece) ;
+        GenLegal(board, flags, CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, c!='~' ? piece : (DEMOTED(piece))); // [HGM] speed
 
        if (cl.kind == IllegalMove && !(flags&F_IGNORE_CHECK)) {
            /* Generate pretty moves for moving into check, but
               still return IllegalMove.
            */
-            GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, epfile, initialRights,
-                    CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+            GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, c!='~' ? piece : (DEMOTED(piece)));
            if (cl.kind == IllegalMove) break;
            cl.kind = IllegalMove;
        }
@@ -1518,13 +2416,13 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
           else "N1f3" or "N5xf7",
           else "Ng1f3" or "Ng5xf7".
        */
-        c = PieceToChar(piece) ;
         if( c == '~' || c == '+') {
            /* [HGM] print nonexistent piece as its demoted version */
-           piece = (ChessSquare) (DEMOTED piece);
+           piece = (ChessSquare) (CHUDEMOTED(piece));
         }
         if(c=='+') *outp++ = c;
         *outp++ = ToUpper(PieceToChar(piece));
+        if(*outp = PieceSuffix(piece)) outp++;
 
        if (cl.file || (cl.either && !cl.rank)) {
             *outp++ = ff + AAA;
@@ -1542,60 +2440,30 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
         if(rt+ONE <= '9')
            *outp++ = rt + ONE;
         else { *outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')/10 + '0';*outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')%10 + '0'; }
-       *outp = NULLCHAR;
-        if (gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
+        if (IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant)) {
             /* [HGM] in Shogi non-pawns can promote */
-            if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
-                if( (int) cl.piece < (int) WhiteWazir &&
-                     (rf > BOARD_HEIGHT-4 || rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-4) ) {
-                    if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ||
-                         piece == WhiteKnight && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3) /* promotion mandatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotionKnight;
-                    else cl.kind =  WhitePromotionQueen; /* promotion optional */
-                   
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
-            } else {
-                if( (int) cl.piece < (int) BlackWazir && (rf < 3 || rt < 3) ) {
-                    if( (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && rt < 1 ||
-                         piece == BlackKnight && rt < 2 ) /* promotion obligatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotionKnight;
-                    else cl.kind =  BlackPromotionQueen; /* promotion optional */
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
-            }
-            if(cl.kind == WhitePromotionQueen || cl.kind == BlackPromotionQueen) {
-                /* for optional promotions append '+' or '=' */
-                if(promoChar == '=') {
-                    *outp++ = '=';
-                    cl.kind = NormalMove;
-                } else *outp++ = '+';
-                *outp = NULLCHAR;
-            } else if(cl.kind == IllegalMove) {
-                /* Illegal move specifies any given promotion */
-                if(promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != 'x') {
-                    *outp++ = '=';
-                    *outp++ = ToUpper(promoChar);
-                    *outp = NULLCHAR;
-                }
-            }
+            *outp++ = promoChar; // Don't bother to correct move type, return value is never used!
         }
+        else if (gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && promoChar ||
+                 gameInfo.variant != VariantSuper && promoChar &&
+                 (piece == WhiteLance || piece == BlackLance) ) { // Lance sometimes represents Pawn
+            *outp++ = '=';
+            *outp++ = ToUpper(promoChar);
+        }
+        else if (gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess && promoChar) { // and in S-Chess we have gating
+            *outp++ = '/';
+            *outp++ = ToUpper(promoChar);
+        }
+       *outp = NULLCHAR;
         return cl.kind;
-       
-      /* [HGM] Always long notation for fairies we don't know */
-      case WhiteFalcon:
-      case BlackFalcon:
-      case WhiteLance:
-      case BlackLance:
-      case WhiteGrasshopper:
-      case BlackGrasshopper:
+
       case EmptySquare:
        /* Moving a nonexistent piece */
        break;
     }
-    
+
     /* Not a legal move, even ignoring check.
-       If there was a piece on the from square, 
+       If there was a piece on the from square,
        use style "Ng1g3" or "Ng1xe8";
        if there was a pawn or nothing (!),
        use style "g1g3" or "g1xe8".  Use "x"
@@ -1603,13 +2471,22 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        a piece of the same color.
     */
     outp = out;
+    c = 0;
     if (piece != EmptySquare && piece != WhitePawn && piece != BlackPawn) {
-       *outp++ = ToUpper(PieceToChar(piece));
+       int r, f;
+      for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<=BOARD_RGHT; f++)
+               c += (board[r][f] == piece); // count on-board pieces of given type
+        *outp = PieceToChar(piece);
+        if(*outp == '+') outp++, piece = CHUDEMOTED(piece);
+        *outp++ = ToUpper(PieceToChar(piece));
+        if(*outp = PieceSuffix(piece)) outp++;
     }
+  if(c != 1) { // [HGM] but if there is only one piece of the mentioned type, no from-square, thank you!
     *outp++ = ff + AAA;
     if(rf+ONE <= '9')
        *outp++ = rf + ONE;
     else { *outp++ = (rf+ONE-'0')/10 + '0';*outp++ = (rf+ONE-'0')%10 + '0'; }
+  }
     if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) *outp++ = 'x';
     *outp++ = ft + AAA;
     if(rt+ONE <= '9')
@@ -1639,11 +2516,11 @@ typedef struct {
 int preyStackPointer, chaseStackPointer;
 
 struct {
-char rf, ff, rt, ft;
+unsigned char rf, ff, rt, ft;
 } chaseStack[100];
 
 struct {
-char rank, file;
+unsigned char rank, file;
 } preyStack[100];
 
 
@@ -1655,12 +2532,8 @@ extern void AtacksCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void AttacksCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+AttacksCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {   // For adding captures that can lead to chase indictment to the chaseStack
     if(board[rt][ft] == EmptySquare) return;                               // non-capture
     if(board[rt][ft] == WhitePawn && rt <  BOARD_HEIGHT/2) return;         // Pawn before river can be chased
@@ -1679,12 +2552,8 @@ extern void ExistingAtacksCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void ExistingAttacksCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+ExistingAttacksCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {   // for removing pre-exsting captures from the chaseStack, to be left with newly created ones
     int i;
     register ChaseClosure *cl = (ChaseClosure *) closure; //closure tells us the move played in the repeat loop
@@ -1695,8 +2564,8 @@ void ExistingAttacksCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
     }
     // search move in chaseStack, and delete it if it occurred there (as we know now it is not a new capture)
     for(i=0; i<chaseStackPointer; i++) {
-       if(chaseStack[i].rf == rf && chaseStack[i].ff == ff && 
-          chaseStack[i].rt == rt && chaseStack[i].ft == ft   ) { 
+       if(chaseStack[i].rf == rf && chaseStack[i].ff == ff &&
+          chaseStack[i].rt == rt && chaseStack[i].ft == ft   ) {
            // move found on chaseStack, delete it by overwriting with move popped from top of chaseStack
            chaseStack[i] = chaseStack[--chaseStackPointer];
            break;
@@ -1708,12 +2577,8 @@ extern void ProtectedCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void ProtectedCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+ProtectedCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {   // for determining if a piece (given through the closure) is protected
     register ChaseClosure *cl = (ChaseClosure *) closure; // closure tells us where to recapture
 
@@ -1724,7 +2589,8 @@ void ProtectedCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
 
 extern char moveList[MAX_MOVES][MOVE_LEN];
 
-int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
+int
+PerpetualChase (int first, int last)
 {   // this routine detects if the side to move in the 'first' position is perpetually chasing (when not checking)
     int i, j, k, tail;
     ChaseClosure cl;
@@ -1735,10 +2601,10 @@ int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
         if(appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "judge position %i\n", i);
        chaseStackPointer = 0;   // clear stack that is going to hold possible chases
        // determine all captures possible after the move, and put them on chaseStack
-       GenLegal(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i), EP_NONE, initialRights, AttacksCallback, &cl);
-       if(appData.debugMode) { int n; 
-           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++) 
-                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE, 
+       GenLegal(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i), AttacksCallback, &cl, EmptySquare);
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++)
+                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE,
                                               chaseStack[n].ft+AAA, chaseStack[n].rt+ONE);
             fprintf(debugFP, ": all capts\n");
        }
@@ -1747,10 +2613,12 @@ int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
        cl.ff = moveList[i][0]-AAA+BOARD_LEFT;
        cl.rt = moveList[i][3]-ONE;
        cl.ft = moveList[i][2]-AAA+BOARD_LEFT;
-       GenLegal(boards[i],   PosFlags(i), EP_NONE, initialRights, ExistingAttacksCallback, &cl);
-       if(appData.debugMode) { int n; 
-           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++) 
-                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE, 
+       CopyBoard(xqCheckers, nullBoard); xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 1; // giant kludge to make GenLegal ignore pre-existing checks
+       GenLegal(boards[i],   PosFlags(i), ExistingAttacksCallback, &cl, EmptySquare);
+       xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 0; // disable the generation of quasi-legal moves again
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++)
+                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE,
                                               chaseStack[n].ft+AAA, chaseStack[n].rt+ONE);
             fprintf(debugFP, ": new capts after %c%c%c%c\n", cl.ff+AAA, cl.rf+ONE, cl.ft+AAA, cl.rt+ONE);
        }
@@ -1762,11 +2630,11 @@ int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
            if(attacker >= (int) BlackPawn) attacker = BLACK_TO_WHITE attacker; // convert to white, as piecee type
            if(victim   >= (int) BlackPawn) victim   = BLACK_TO_WHITE victim;
 
-           if((attacker == WhiteKnight || attacker == WhiteCannon) && victim == WhiteRook) 
+           if((attacker == WhiteKnight || attacker == WhiteCannon) && victim == WhiteRook)
                continue; // C or H attack on R is always chase; leave on chaseStack
 
            if(attacker == victim) {
-                if(LegalityTest(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), EP_NONE, initialRights, chaseStack[j].rt, 
+                if(LegalityTest(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), chaseStack[j].rt,
                    chaseStack[j].ft, chaseStack[j].rf, chaseStack[j].ff, NULLCHAR) == NormalMove) {
                        // we can capture back with equal piece, so this is no chase but a sacrifice
                         chaseStack[j] = chaseStack[--chaseStackPointer]; // delete the capture from the chaseStack
@@ -1776,6 +2644,8 @@ int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
            }
 
            // the attack is on a lower piece, or on a pinned or blocked equal one
+           CopyBoard(xqCheckers, nullBoard); xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 1;
+           CheckTest(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), -1, -1, -1, -1, FALSE); // if we deliver check with our move, the checkers get marked
             // test if the victim is protected by a true protector. First make the capture.
            captured = boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft];
            boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft] = boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rf][chaseStack[j].ff];
@@ -1787,20 +2657,22 @@ int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
            if(appData.debugMode) {
                fprintf(debugFP, "test if we can recapture %c%c\n", cl.ft+AAA, cl.rt+ONE);
            }
-            GenLegal(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), EP_NONE, initialRights, ProtectedCallback, &cl); // try all moves
+           xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 2; // causes GenLegal to ignore the checks we delivered with the move, in real life evaded before we captured
+            GenLegal(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), ProtectedCallback, &cl, EmptySquare); // try all moves
+           xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 0; // disable quasi-legal moves again
            // unmake the capture
            boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rf][chaseStack[j].ff] = boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft];
             boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft] = captured;
            // if a recapture was found, piece is protected, and we are not chasing it.
            if(cl.recaptures) { // attacked piece was defended by true protector, no chase
                chaseStack[j] = chaseStack[--chaseStackPointer]; // so delete from chaseStack
-               j--; /* ! */ 
+               j--; /* ! */
            }
        }
        // chaseStack now contains all moves that chased
-       if(appData.debugMode) { int n; 
-           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++) 
-                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE, 
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++)
+                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE,
                                               chaseStack[n].ft+AAA, chaseStack[n].rt+ONE);
             fprintf(debugFP, ": chases\n");
        }
@@ -1826,8 +2698,8 @@ int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
            }
        }
         preyStackPointer = tail; // keep bottom part of preyStack, popping pieces unchased on move i.
-       if(appData.debugMode) { int n; 
-            for(n=0; n<preyStackPointer; n++) 
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+            for(n=0; n<preyStackPointer; n++)
                 fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c ", preyStack[n].file+AAA, preyStack[n].rank+ONE);
             fprintf(debugFP, "always chased upto ply %d\n", i);
        }
@@ -1841,5 +2713,6 @@ int PerpetualChase(int first, int last)
             }
         }
     }
-    return preyStackPointer; // if any piece was left on preyStack, it has been perpetually chased
+    return preyStackPointer ? 256*(preyStack[preyStackPointer].file - BOARD_LEFT + AAA) + (preyStack[preyStackPointer].rank + ONE)
+                               : 0; // if any piece was left on preyStack, it has been perpetually chased,and we return the
 }