Improve SAN of Pawn moves and allow Betza e.p. definition
[xboard.git] / moves.c
diff --git a/moves.c b/moves.c
index 64dbae9..9700dbf 100644 (file)
--- a/moves.c
+++ b/moves.c
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 /*
  * moves.c - Move generation and checking
- * $Id: moves.c,v 2.1 2003/10/27 19:21:00 mann Exp $
  *
  * Copyright 1991 by Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard,
- * Massachusetts.  Enhancements Copyright
- * 1992-2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009 Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc.
+ * Massachusetts.
+ *
+ * Enhancements Copyright 1992-2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
+ * 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ *
+ * Enhancements Copyright 2005 Alessandro Scotti
  *
  * The following terms apply to Digital Equipment Corporation's copyright
  * interest in XBoard:
 #include "config.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #if HAVE_STRING_H
 # include <string.h>
 #else /* not HAVE_STRING_H */
 # include <strings.h>
 #endif /* not HAVE_STRING_H */
 #include "common.h"
-#include "backend.h" 
+#include "backend.h"
 #include "moves.h"
 #include "parser.h"
 
 int WhitePiece P((ChessSquare));
 int BlackPiece P((ChessSquare));
 int SameColor P((ChessSquare, ChessSquare));
+int PosFlags(int index);
 
-extern char initialRights[BOARD_SIZE]; /* [HGM] all rights enabled, set in InitPosition */
-
+extern signed char initialRights[BOARD_FILES]; /* [HGM] all rights enabled, set in InitPosition */
+int quickFlag;
+char *pieceDesc[EmptySquare];
 
-int WhitePiece(piece)
-     ChessSquare piece;
+int
+WhitePiece (ChessSquare piece)
 {
     return (int) piece >= (int) WhitePawn && (int) piece < (int) BlackPawn;
 }
 
-int BlackPiece(piece)
-     ChessSquare piece;
+int
+BlackPiece (ChessSquare piece)
 {
     return (int) piece >= (int) BlackPawn && (int) piece < (int) EmptySquare;
 }
 
-int SameColor(piece1, piece2)
-     ChessSquare piece1, piece2;
+#if 0
+int
+SameColor (ChessSquare piece1, ChessSquare piece2)
 {
     return ((int) piece1 >= (int) WhitePawn &&   /* [HGM] can be > King ! */
             (int) piece1 <  (int) BlackPawn &&
@@ -93,64 +100,27 @@ int SameColor(piece1, piece2)
            (int) piece2 >= (int) BlackPawn &&
             (int) piece2 <  (int) EmptySquare);
 }
-
-ChessSquare PromoPiece(moveType)
-     ChessMove moveType;
-{
-    switch (moveType) {
-      default:
-       return EmptySquare;
-      case WhitePromotionQueen:
-       return WhiteQueen;
-      case BlackPromotionQueen:
-       return BlackQueen;
-      case WhitePromotionRook:
-       return WhiteRook;
-      case BlackPromotionRook:
-       return BlackRook;
-      case WhitePromotionBishop:
-       return WhiteBishop;
-      case BlackPromotionBishop:
-       return BlackBishop;
-      case WhitePromotionKnight:
-       return WhiteKnight;
-      case BlackPromotionKnight:
-       return BlackKnight;
-      case WhitePromotionKing:
-       return WhiteKing;
-      case BlackPromotionKing:
-       return BlackKing;
-      case WhitePromotionChancellor:
-        return WhiteMarshall;
-      case BlackPromotionChancellor:
-        return BlackMarshall;
-      case WhitePromotionArchbishop:
-        return WhiteAngel;
-      case BlackPromotionArchbishop:
-        return BlackAngel;
-      case WhitePromotionCentaur:
-        return WhiteSilver;
-      case BlackPromotionCentaur:
-        return BlackSilver;
-    }
-}
+#else
+#define SameColor(piece1, piece2) (piece1 < EmptySquare && piece2 < EmptySquare && (piece1 < BlackPawn) == (piece2 < BlackPawn) || piece1 == DarkSquare || piece2 == DarkSquare)
+#endif
 
 char pieceToChar[] = {
-                        'P', 'N', 'B', 'R', 'Q', 'F', 'E', 'A', 'C', 'W', 'M', 
-                        'O', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'G', 'D', 'V', 'L', 's', 'U', 'K',
-                        'p', 'n', 'b', 'r', 'q', 'f', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'w', 'm', 
-                        'o', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'g', 'd', 'v', 'l', 's', 'u', 'k', 
+                        'P', 'N', 'B', 'R', 'Q', 'F', 'E', 'A', 'C', 'W', 'M',
+                        'O', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'G', 'D', 'V', 'L', 'S', 'U', 'K',
+                        'p', 'n', 'b', 'r', 'q', 'f', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'w', 'm',
+                        'o', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'g', 'd', 'v', 'l', 's', 'u', 'k',
                         'x' };
+char pieceNickName[EmptySquare];
 
-char PieceToChar(p)
-     ChessSquare p;
+char
+PieceToChar (ChessSquare p)
 {
     if((int)p < 0 || (int)p >= (int)EmptySquare) return('x'); /* [HGM] for safety */
     return pieceToChar[(int) p];
 }
 
-int PieceToNumber(p)  /* [HGM] holdings: count piece type, ignoring non-participating piece types */
-     ChessSquare p;
+int
+PieceToNumber (ChessSquare p)  /* [HGM] holdings: count piece type, ignoring non-participating piece types */
 {
     int i=0;
     ChessSquare start = (int)p >= (int)BlackPawn ? BlackPawn : WhitePawn;
@@ -159,78 +129,37 @@ int PieceToNumber(p)  /* [HGM] holdings: count piece type, ignoring non-particip
     return i;
 }
 
-ChessSquare CharToPiece(c)
-     int c;
+ChessSquare
+CharToPiece (int c)
 {
      int i;
+     if(c == '.') return EmptySquare;
+     for(i=0; i< (int) EmptySquare; i++)
+          if(pieceNickName[i] == c) return (ChessSquare) i;
      for(i=0; i< (int) EmptySquare; i++)
           if(pieceToChar[i] == c) return (ChessSquare) i;
      return EmptySquare;
 }
 
-ChessMove PromoCharToMoveType(whiteOnMove, promoChar)
-     int whiteOnMove;
-     int promoChar;
-{      /* [HGM] made dependent on CharToPiece to alow alternate piece letters */
-       ChessSquare piece = CharToPiece(whiteOnMove ? ToUpper(promoChar) : ToLower(promoChar) );
-
-
-       if(promoChar == NULLCHAR) return NormalMove;
-
-       switch(piece) {
-               case WhiteQueen:
-                       return WhitePromotionQueen;
-               case WhiteRook:
-                       return WhitePromotionRook;
-               case WhiteBishop:
-                       return WhitePromotionBishop;
-               case WhiteKnight:
-                       return WhitePromotionKnight;
-               case WhiteKing:
-                       return WhitePromotionKing;
-               case WhiteAngel:
-                       return WhitePromotionArchbishop;
-               case WhiteMarshall:
-                       return WhitePromotionChancellor;
-               case WhiteSilver:
-                       return WhitePromotionCentaur;
-               case BlackQueen:
-                       return BlackPromotionQueen;
-               case BlackRook:
-                       return BlackPromotionRook;
-               case BlackBishop:
-                       return BlackPromotionBishop;
-               case BlackKnight:
-                       return BlackPromotionKnight;
-               case BlackKing:
-                       return BlackPromotionKing;
-               case BlackAngel:
-                       return BlackPromotionArchbishop;
-               case BlackMarshall:
-                       return BlackPromotionChancellor;
-               case BlackSilver:
-                       return BlackPromotionCentaur;
-               default:
-                       // not all promotion implemented yet! Take Queen for those we don't know.
-                       return (whiteOnMove ? WhitePromotionQueen : BlackPromotionQueen);
-       }
-}
-
-void CopyBoard(to, from)
-     Board to, from;
+void
+CopyBoard (Board to, Board from)
 {
     int i, j;
-    
+
     for (i = 0; i < BOARD_HEIGHT; i++)
       for (j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++)
        to[i][j] = from[i][j];
+    for (j = 0; j < BOARD_FILES; j++) // [HGM] gamestate: copy castling rights and ep status
+       to[VIRGIN][j] = from[VIRGIN][j],
+       to[CASTLING][j] = from[CASTLING][j];
+    to[HOLDINGS_SET] = 0; // flag used in ICS play
 }
 
-int CompareBoards(board1, board2)
-     Board board1, board2;
+int
+CompareBoards (Board board1, Board board2)
 {
     int i, j;
-    
+
     for (i = 0; i < BOARD_HEIGHT; i++)
       for (j = 0; j < BOARD_WIDTH; j++) {
          if (board1[i][j] != board2[i][j])
@@ -239,6 +168,322 @@ int CompareBoards(board1, board2)
     return TRUE;
 }
 
+// [HGM] gen: configurable move generation from Betza notation sent by engine.
+
+//  alphabet      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+char symmetry[] = "FBNW.FFW.NKN.NW.QR....W..N";
+char xStep[]    = "2110.130.102.10.00....0..2";
+char yStep[]    = "2132.133.313.20.11....1..3";
+char dirType[]  = "01000104000200000260050000";
+//  alphabet   "a b    c d e f    g h    i j k l    m n o p q r    s    t u v    w x y z "
+int dirs1[] = { 0,0x3C,0,0,0,0xC3,0,0,   0,0,0,0xF0,0,0,0,0,0,0x0F,0   ,0,0,0   ,0,0,0,0 };
+int dirs2[] = { 0,0x18,0,0,0,0x81,0,0xFF,0,0,0,0x60,0,0,0,0,0,0x06,0x66,0,0,0x99,0,0,0,0 };
+
+int rot[][4] = { // rotation matrices for each direction
+  { 1, 0, 0, 1 },
+  { 0, 1, 1, 0 },
+  { 0, 1,-1, 0 },
+  { 1, 0, 0,-1 },
+  {-1, 0, 0,-1 },
+  { 0,-1,-1, 0 },
+  { 0,-1, 1, 0 },
+  {-1, 0, 0, 1 }
+};
+
+void
+MovesFromString (Board board, int flags, int f, int r, char *desc, MoveCallback cb, VOIDSTAR cl)
+{
+    char *p = desc;
+    int mine, his, dir, bit, occup, i;
+    if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) his = 2, mine = 1; else his = 1, mine = 2;
+    while(*p) {                  // more moves to go
+       int expo = 1, dx, dy, x, y, mode, dirSet, retry=0, initial=0, jump=1;
+       if(*p == 'i') initial = 1, desc = ++p;
+       while(islower(*p)) p++;  // skip prefixes
+       if(!isupper(*p)) return; // syntax error: no atom
+       dirSet = 0;              // build direction set based on atom symmetry
+       switch(symmetry[*p-'A']) {
+         case 'B': expo = 0;    // bishop, slide
+         case 'F':              // diagonal atom (degenerate 4-fold)
+                   while(islower(*desc) && (i = dirType[*desc-'a']) != '0') {
+                       int b = dirs1[*desc-'a']; // use wide version
+                       if( islower(desc[1]) &&
+                                ((i | dirType[desc[1]-'a']) & 3) == 3) {   // combinable (perpendicular dim)
+                           b = dirs1[*desc-'a'] & dirs1[desc[1]-'a'];      // intersect wide & perp wide
+                           desc += 2;
+                       } else desc++;
+                       dirSet |= b;
+                   }
+                   dirSet &= 0x99; if(!dirSet) dirSet = 0x99;
+                   break;
+         case 'R': expo = 0;    // rook, slide
+         case 'W':              // orthogonal atom (non-deg 4-fold)
+                   while(islower(*desc) && (dirType[*desc-'a'] & ~4) != '0') dirSet |= dirs2[*desc++-'a'];
+                   dirSet &= 0x55; if(!dirSet) dirSet = 0x55;
+                   break;
+         case 'N':              // oblique atom (degenerate 8-fold)
+                   while(islower(*desc) && (i = dirType[*desc-'a']) != '0') {
+                       int b = dirs2[*desc-'a']; // when alone, use narrow version
+                       if(desc[1] == 'h') b = dirs1[*desc-'a'], desc += 2; // dirs1 is wide version
+                       else if(islower(desc[1]) && i < '4'
+                               && ((i | dirType[desc[1]-'a']) & 3) == 3) { // combinable (perpendicular dim)
+                           b = dirs1[*desc-'a'] & dirs2[desc[1]-'a'];      // intersect wide & perp narrow
+                           desc += 2;
+                       } else desc++;
+                       dirSet |= b;
+                   }
+                   if(!dirSet) dirSet = 0xFF;
+                   break;
+         case 'Q': expo = 0;    // queen, slide
+         case 'K':              // non-deg (pseudo) 8-fold
+                   dirSet=0x55; // start with orthogonal moves
+                   retry = 1;   // and schedule the diagonal moves for later
+                   break;       // should not have direction indicators
+         default:  return;      // syntax error: invalid atom
+       }
+       if(mine == 2) dirSet = dirSet >> 4 | dirSet << 4 & 255; // invert black moves
+       mode = 0;                // build mode mask
+       if(*desc == 'm') mode |= 4, desc++;
+       if(*desc == 'c') mode |= his, desc++;
+       if(*desc == 'd') mode |= mine, desc++;
+       if(*desc == 'e') mode |= 8, desc++;
+       if(*desc == 'n') jump = 0, desc++;
+       while(*desc == 'j') jump++, desc++;
+       if(!mode) mode = his + 4;// no mode spec, use default = mc
+       dx = xStep[*p-'A'] - '0';                     // step vector of atom
+       dy = yStep[*p-'A'] - '0';
+       if(isdigit(*++p)) expo = atoi(p++);           // read exponent
+       if(expo > 9) p++;                             // allow double-digit
+       desc = p;                                     // this is start of next move
+       if(initial && board[r][f] != initialPosition[r][f]) continue;
+        do {
+         for(dir=0, bit=1; dir<8; dir++, bit += bit) { // loop over directions
+           int i = expo, vx, vy;
+           if(!(bit & dirSet)) continue;             // does not move in this direction
+           vx = dx*rot[dir][0] + dy*rot[dir][1];     // rotate step vector
+           vy = dx*rot[dir][2] + dy*rot[dir][3];
+           x = f; y = r;                             // start square
+           do {
+               x += vx; y += vy;                     // step to next square
+               if(y < 0 || y >= BOARD_HEIGHT || x < BOARD_LEFT || x >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
+               if(!jump    && board[y - vy + vy/2][x - vx + vx/2] != EmptySquare) break; // blocked
+               if(jump > 1 && board[y - vy + vy/2][x - vx + vx/2] == EmptySquare) break; // no hop
+               if(board[y][x] < BlackPawn)   occup = 1; else
+               if(board[y][x] < EmptySquare) occup = 2; else
+                                             occup = 4;
+               if(mode & 8 && y == board[EP_RANK] && occup == 4 && board[EP_FILE] == x) { // to e.p. square
+                   cb(board, flags, mine == 1 ? WhiteCapturesEnPassant : BlackCapturesEnPassant, r, f, y, x, cl);
+               }
+               if(occup & mode) cb(board, flags, NormalMove, r, f, y, x, cl); // allowed, generate
+               if(occup != 4) break; // not valid transit square
+           } while(--i);
+         }
+         dx = dy = 1; dirSet = 0x99; // prepare for diagonal moves of K,Q
+       } while(retry--);             // and start doing them
+    }
+} // next atom
+
+// [HGM] move generation now based on hierarchy of subroutines for rays and combinations of rays
+
+void
+SlideForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, rt, ft = ff;
+  for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf + i;
+      if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, rt, ft = ff;
+  for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf - i;
+      if (rt < 0) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideVertical (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  SlideForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  SlideBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+SlideSideways (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, s, rt = rf, ft;
+  for(s = -1; s <= 1; s+= 2) {
+    for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      ft = ff + i*s;
+      if (ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideDiagForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, s, rt, ft;
+  for(s = -1; s <= 1; s+= 2) {
+    for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf + i;
+      ft = ff + i * s;
+      if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+SlideDiagBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int i, s, rt, ft;
+  for(s = -1; s <= 1; s+= 2) {
+    for (i = 1;; i++) {
+      rt = rf - i;
+      ft = ff + i * s;
+      if (rt < 0 || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
+      if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+      if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Rook (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Bishop (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  SlideDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  SlideDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Sting (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int dy, int dx, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{ // Lion-like move of Horned Falcon and Souring Eagle
+  int ft = ff + dx, rt = rf + dy;
+  if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) return;
+  if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+    callback(board, flags, board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare ? FirstLeg : NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  ft += dx; rt += dy;
+  if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) return;
+  if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+    callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft = ff, rt = rf + 1;
+  if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT) return;
+  if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) return;
+  callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft = ff, rt = rf - 1;
+  if (rt < 0) return;
+  if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) return;
+  callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepSideways (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft, rt = rf;
+  ft = ff + 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  ft = ff - 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepDiagForward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft, rt = rf + 1;
+  if (rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT) return;
+  ft = ff + 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  ft = ff - 1;
+  if (!(rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepDiagBackward (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  int ft, rt = rf - 1;
+  if(rt < 0) return;
+  ft = ff + 1;
+  if (!(rt < 0 || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+  ft = ff - 1;
+  if (!(rt < 0 || ft < BOARD_LEFT) && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+      callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+}
+
+void
+StepVertical (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Ferz (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  StepDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  StepDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Wazir (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+  StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+  StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+}
+
+void
+Knight (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{
+    int i, j, s, rt, ft;
+    for (i = -1; i <= 1; i += 2)
+       for (j = -1; j <= 1; j += 2)
+           for (s = 1; s <= 2; s++) {
+               rt = rf + i*s;
+               ft = ff + j*(3-s);
+               if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
+                   && ( gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || board[rf+i*(s-1)][ff+j*(2-s)] == EmptySquare)
+                   && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+                   callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+           }
+}
 
 /* Call callback once for each pseudo-legal move in the given
    position, except castling moves. A move is pseudo-legal if it is
@@ -248,32 +493,30 @@ int CompareBoards(board1, board2)
    EP_UNKNOWN if we don't know and want to allow all e.p. captures.
    Promotion moves generated are to Queen only.
 */
-void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     int epfile;
-     MoveCallback callback;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+GenPseudoLegal (Board board, int flags, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure, ChessSquare filter)
+// speed: only do moves with this piece type
 {
     int rf, ff;
     int i, j, d, s, fs, rs, rt, ft, m;
+    int epfile = (signed char)board[EP_STATUS]; // [HGM] gamestate: extract ep status from board
+    int promoRank = gameInfo.variant == VariantMakruk || gameInfo.variant == VariantGrand || gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess ? 3 : 1;
 
-    for (rf = 0; rf < BOARD_HEIGHT; rf++) 
+    for (rf = 0; rf < BOARD_HEIGHT; rf++)
       for (ff = BOARD_LEFT; ff < BOARD_RGHT; ff++) {
           ChessSquare piece;
 
-         if (flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
-             if (!WhitePiece(board[rf][ff])) continue;
-         } else {
-             if (!BlackPiece(board[rf][ff])) continue;
-         }
+         if(board[rf][ff] == EmptySquare) continue;
+         if ((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != (board[rf][ff] < BlackPawn)) continue; // [HGM] speed: wrong color
           m = 0; piece = board[rf][ff];
-          if(PieceToChar(piece) == '~') 
+          if(PieceToChar(piece) == '~')
                  piece = (ChessSquare) ( DEMOTED piece );
-          if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi)
+          if(filter != EmptySquare && piece != filter) continue;
+          if(pieceDesc[piece]) { MovesFromString(board, flags, ff, rf, pieceDesc[piece], callback, closure); continue; } // [HGM] gen
+          if(IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant))
                  piece = (ChessSquare) ( SHOGI piece );
 
-          switch (piece) {
+          switch ((int)piece) {
             /* case EmptySquare: [HGM] this is nonsense, and conflicts with Shogi cases */
            default:
              /* can't happen ([HGM] except for faries...) */
@@ -300,34 +543,34 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
               }
               if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && board[rf + 1][ff] == EmptySquare) {
                  callback(board, flags,
-                          rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ? WhitePromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                          rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
                           rf, ff, rf + 1, ff, closure);
              }
-             if (rf == 1 && board[2][ff] == EmptySquare &&
+             if (rf <= (BOARD_HEIGHT>>1)-3 && board[rf+1][ff] == EmptySquare && // [HGM] grand: also on 3rd rank on 10-board
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantShatranj && /* [HGM] */
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantCourier  && /* [HGM] */
-                  board[3][ff] == EmptySquare ) {
+                  board[rf+2][ff] == EmptySquare ) {
                       callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                               rf, ff, 3, ff, closure);
+                               rf, ff, rf+2, ff, closure);
              }
              for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
                   if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
                      ((flags & F_KRIEGSPIEL_CAPTURE) ||
                       BlackPiece(board[rf + 1][ff + s]))) {
-                     callback(board, flags, 
-                              rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ? WhitePromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
                               rf, ff, rf + 1, ff + s, closure);
                  }
-                 if (rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-4) {
+                 if (rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT+1>>1) {// [HGM] grand: 4th & 5th rank on 10-board
                       if (ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) &&
-                          board[BOARD_HEIGHT-4][ff + s] == BlackPawn &&
-                          board[BOARD_HEIGHT-3][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
+                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) && rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-3 &&
+                          board[rf][ff + s] == BlackPawn &&
+                          board[rf+1][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
                          callback(board, flags, WhiteCapturesEnPassant,
-                                  rf, ff, 5, ff + s, closure);
+                                  rf, ff, rf+1, ff + s, closure);
                      }
                  }
-             }             
+             }
              break;
 
            case BlackPawn:
@@ -349,42 +592,41 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
                   break;
               }
              if (rf > 0 && board[rf - 1][ff] == EmptySquare) {
-                 callback(board, flags, 
-                          rf == 1 ? BlackPromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                 callback(board, flags,
+                          rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
                           rf, ff, rf - 1, ff, closure);
              }
-             if (rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-3][ff] == EmptySquare &&
+             if (rf >= (BOARD_HEIGHT+1>>1)+2 && board[rf-1][ff] == EmptySquare && // [HGM] grand
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantShatranj && /* [HGM] */
                   gameInfo.variant != VariantCourier  && /* [HGM] */
-                 board[BOARD_HEIGHT-4][ff] == EmptySquare) {
+                 board[rf-2][ff] == EmptySquare) {
                  callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                          rf, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-4, ff, closure);
+                          rf, ff, rf-2, ff, closure);
              }
              for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
                   if (rf > 0 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
                      ((flags & F_KRIEGSPIEL_CAPTURE) ||
                       WhitePiece(board[rf - 1][ff + s]))) {
-                     callback(board, flags, 
-                              rf == 1 ? BlackPromotionQueen : NormalMove,
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
                               rf, ff, rf - 1, ff + s, closure);
                  }
-                 if (rf == 3) {
+                 if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT>>1) {
                       if (ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) &&
-                         board[3][ff + s] == WhitePawn &&
-                         board[2][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
+                         (epfile == ff + s || epfile == EP_UNKNOWN) && rf > 2 &&
+                         board[rf][ff + s] == WhitePawn &&
+                         board[rf-1][ff + s] == EmptySquare) {
                          callback(board, flags, BlackCapturesEnPassant,
-                                  rf, ff, 2, ff + s, closure);
+                                  rf, ff, rf-1, ff + s, closure);
                      }
                  }
-             }             
+             }
              break;
 
             case WhiteUnicorn:
             case BlackUnicorn:
            case WhiteKnight:
            case BlackKnight:
-            mounted:
              for (i = -1; i <= 1; i += 2)
                for (j = -1; j <= 1; j += 2)
                  for (s = 1; s <= 2; s++) {
@@ -415,7 +657,7 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
                       callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
                                rf, ff, rf - 2, ff + s, closure);
                  }
-             }             
+             }
              break;
 
             case WhiteCannon:
@@ -441,98 +683,150 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
 
             /* Gold General (and all its promoted versions) . First do the */
             /* diagonal forward steps, then proceed as normal Wazir        */
-            case SHOGI WhiteWazir:
             case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhitePawn):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto WhiteGold;
+            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackPawn):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
             case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteKnight):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteQueen):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteFerz):
-             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
-                  if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                      !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf + 1][ff + s])) {
-                      callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rf + 1, ff + s, closure);
-                 }
-              }
-              goto finishGold;
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto WhiteGold;
+            case SHOGI BlackDrunk:
+            case SHOGI BlackAlfil:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
-            case SHOGI BlackWazir:
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackPawn):
             case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackKnight):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+            case SHOGI WhiteDrunk:
+            case SHOGI WhiteAlfil:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteStag:
+            case SHOGI BlackStag:
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteQueen):
+            case SHOGI WhiteTokin:
+            case SHOGI WhiteWazir:
+           WhiteGold:
+               StepDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
             case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackQueen):
-            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackFerz):
-             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
-                  if (rf > 0 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT &&
-                      !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf - 1][ff + s])) {
-                      callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rf - 1, ff + s, closure);
-                 }
-             }             
+            case SHOGI BlackTokin:
+            case SHOGI BlackWazir:
+            BlackGold:
+               StepDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             case WhiteWazir:
             case BlackWazir:
-            finishGold:
-              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++)
-                for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
-                      rt = rf + s * d;
-                      ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
-                      if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
-                          && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]) &&
-                          (gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || InPalace(rt, ft) ) )
-                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                        rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                      }
-             break;
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteMarshall:
+            case SHOGI BlackMarshall:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++)
+                   for (s = -2; s <= 2; s += 4) {
+                       rt = rf + s * d;
+                       ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
+                       if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                       if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]) )
+                           callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                   }
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteAngel:
+            case SHOGI BlackAngel:
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
 
             case WhiteAlfil:
             case BlackAlfil:
                 /* [HGM] support Shatranj pieces */
-                for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2) 
+                for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2)
                   for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) {
                       rt = rf + 2 * rs;
                       ft = ff + 2 * fs;
                       if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
                           && ( gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi ||
                                board[rf+rs][ff+fs] == EmptySquare && (2*rf < BOARD_HEIGHT) == (2*rt < BOARD_HEIGHT) )
-                         
+
+                          && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
+                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
+                                        rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                      if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj || gameInfo.variant == VariantCourier ||
+                         gameInfo.variant == VariantChu      || gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi) continue; // classical Alfil
+                      rt = rf + rs; // in unknown variant we assume Modern Elephant, which can also do one step
+                      ft = ff + fs;
+                      if (!(rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT)
                           && !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]))
                                callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
                                         rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
                  }
+                if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan)
+                   for(fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) {
+                      ft = ff + fs;
+                      if (!(ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) && board[rf][ft] == EmptySquare)
+                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ft, closure);
+                   }
                 break;
 
+            /* Make Dragon-Horse also do Dababba moves outside Shogi, for better disambiguation in variant Fairy */
+           case WhiteCardinal:
+           case BlackCardinal:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess) goto DragonHorse;
+              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++) // Dababba moves that Rook cannot do
+                for (s = -2; s <= 2; s += 4) {
+                     rt = rf + s * d;
+                     ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
+                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                 }
+
             /* Shogi Dragon Horse has to continue with Wazir after Bishop */
             case SHOGI WhiteCardinal:
             case SHOGI BlackCardinal:
-              m++;
+            case SHOGI WhitePCardinal:
+            case SHOGI BlackPCardinal:
+            DragonHorse:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             /* Capablanca Archbishop continues as Knight                  */
             case WhiteAngel:
             case BlackAngel:
-              m++;
+               Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
 
             /* Shogi Bishops are ordinary Bishops */
             case SHOGI WhiteBishop:
             case SHOGI BlackBishop:
+            case SHOGI WhitePBishop:
+            case SHOGI BlackPBishop:
            case WhiteBishop:
            case BlackBishop:
-             for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2) 
-                for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) 
-                 for (i = 1;; i++) {
-                     rt = rf + (i * rs);
-                     ft = ff + (i * fs);
-                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
-                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
-                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                     if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
-                 }
-                if(m==1) goto mounted;
-                if(m==2) goto finishGold;
-                /* Bishop falls through */
-             break;
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             /* Shogi Lance is unlike anything, and asymmetric at that */
             case SHOGI WhiteQueen:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) goto doQueen;
               for(i = 1;; i++) {
                       rt = rf + i;
                       ft = ff;
@@ -545,6 +839,7 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
               break;
 
             case SHOGI BlackQueen:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) goto doQueen;
               for(i = 1;; i++) {
                       rt = rf - i;
                       ft = ff;
@@ -556,110 +851,105 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
               }
               break;
 
+            /* Make Dragon-King Dababba & Rook-like outside Shogi, for better disambiguation in variant Fairy */
+           case WhiteDragon:
+           case BlackDragon:
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess) goto DragonKing;
+              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++) // Dababba moves that Rook cannot do
+                for (s = -2; s <= 2; s += 4) {
+                     rt = rf + s * d;
+                     ft = ff + s * (1 - d);
+                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                      if (board[rf+rt>>1][ff+ft>>1] == EmptySquare && gameInfo.variant != VariantSpartan) continue;
+                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+                 }
+              if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan) // in Spartan Chess restrict range to modern Dababba
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+             else
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+              break;
+
             /* Shogi Dragon King has to continue as Ferz after Rook moves */
             case SHOGI WhiteDragon:
             case SHOGI BlackDragon:
+            case SHOGI WhitePDragon:
+            case SHOGI BlackPDragon:
+            DragonKing:
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
               m++;
 
             /* Capablanca Chancellor sets flag to continue as Knight      */
             case WhiteMarshall:
             case BlackMarshall:
-              m++;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan) // in Spartan Chess Chancellor is used for Dragon King.
+                   Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               else
+                   Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             /* Shogi Rooks are ordinary Rooks */
             case SHOGI WhiteRook:
             case SHOGI BlackRook:
+            case SHOGI WhitePRook:
+            case SHOGI BlackPRook:
            case WhiteRook:
            case BlackRook:
-              for (d = 0; d <= 1; d++)
-                for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2)
-                 for (i = 1;; i++) {
-                     rt = rf + (i * s) * d;
-                     ft = ff + (i * s) * (1 - d);
-                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
-                     if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
-                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                              rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                     if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
-                 }
-                if(m==1) goto mounted;
-                if(m==2) goto finishGold;
-             break;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
            case WhiteQueen:
            case BlackQueen:
-             for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs++) 
-               for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs++) {
-                   if (rs == 0 && fs == 0) continue;
-                   for (i = 1;; i++) {
-                       rt = rf + (i * rs);
-                       ft = ff + (i * fs);
-                        if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) break;
-                       if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) break;
-                       callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                       if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) break;
-                   }
-               }
-             break;
+            case SHOGI WhiteMother:
+            case SHOGI BlackMother:
+           doQueen:
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
-            /* Shogi Pawn and Silver General: first the Pawn move,    */
-            /* then the General continues like a Ferz                 */
-            case SHOGI WhitePawn:
-            case SHOGI WhiteFerz:
-                  if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 &&
-                           !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf + 1][ff]) ) 
-                           callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                    rf, ff, rf + 1, ff, closure);
-              if(piece != SHOGI WhitePawn) goto finishSilver;
-              break;
+           case SHOGI WhitePawn:
+               StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
             case SHOGI BlackPawn:
+               StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case WhiteMan:
+                if(gameInfo.variant != VariantMakruk && gameInfo.variant != VariantASEAN) goto commoner;
+            case SHOGI WhiteFerz:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case BlackMan:
+                if(gameInfo.variant != VariantMakruk && gameInfo.variant != VariantASEAN) goto commoner;
             case SHOGI BlackFerz:
-                  if (rf > 0 &&
-                           !SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rf - 1][ff]) ) 
-                           callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                    rf, ff, rf - 1, ff, closure);
-              if(piece == SHOGI BlackPawn) break;
+               StepBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
 
             case WhiteFerz:
             case BlackFerz:
-            finishSilver:
                 /* [HGM] support Shatranj pieces */
-                for (rs = -1; rs <= 1; rs += 2) 
-                  for (fs = -1; fs <= 1; fs += 2) {
-                      rt = rf + rs;
-                      ft = ff + fs;
-                      if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
-                      if (!SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft]) &&
-                          (gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || InPalace(rt, ft) ) )
-                               callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                                        rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-                 }
-                break;
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
            case WhiteSilver:
            case BlackSilver:
-               m++; // [HGM] superchess: use for Centaur
-            case WhiteMan:
-            case BlackMan:
+               Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure); // [HGM] superchess: use for Centaur
+
+            commoner:
+            case SHOGI WhiteMonarch:
+            case SHOGI BlackMonarch:
             case SHOGI WhiteKing:
             case SHOGI BlackKing:
            case WhiteKing:
            case BlackKing:
-            walking:
-             for (i = -1; i <= 1; i++)
-               for (j = -1; j <= 1; j++) {
-                   if (i == 0 && j == 0) continue;
-                   rt = rf + i;
-                   ft = ff + j;
-                    if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
-                   if (SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
-                   callback(board, flags, NormalMove,
-                            rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
-               }
-               if(m==1) goto mounted;
-             break;
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Wazir(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
 
            case WhiteNightrider:
            case BlackNightrider:
@@ -678,6 +968,173 @@ void GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, callback, closure)
                  }
              break;
 
+           Amazon:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               Knight(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+           // Use Lance as Berolina / Spartan Pawn.
+           case WhiteLance:
+             if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSuper) goto Amazon;
+             if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && BlackPiece(board[rf + 1][ff]))
+                 callback(board, flags,
+                          rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
+                          rf, ff, rf + 1, ff, closure);
+             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
+                 if (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT-1 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT && board[rf + 1][ff + s] == EmptySquare)
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-1-promoRank ? WhitePromotion : NormalMove,
+                              rf, ff, rf + 1, ff + s, closure);
+                 if (rf == 1 && ff + 2*s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + 2*s < BOARD_RGHT && board[3][ff + 2*s] == EmptySquare )
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, 3, ff + 2*s, closure);
+             }
+             break;
+
+           case BlackLance:
+             if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSuper) goto Amazon;
+             if (rf > 0 && WhitePiece(board[rf - 1][ff]))
+                 callback(board, flags,
+                          rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
+                          rf, ff, rf - 1, ff, closure);
+             for (s = -1; s <= 1; s += 2) {
+                 if (rf > 0 && ff + s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + s < BOARD_RGHT && board[rf - 1][ff + s] == EmptySquare)
+                     callback(board, flags,
+                              rf <= promoRank ? BlackPromotion : NormalMove,
+                              rf, ff, rf - 1, ff + s, closure);
+                 if (rf == BOARD_HEIGHT-2 && ff + 2*s >= BOARD_LEFT && ff + 2*s < BOARD_RGHT && board[rf-2][ff + 2*s] == EmptySquare )
+                     callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf-2, ff + 2*s, closure);
+             }
+            break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteNothing:
+            case SHOGI BlackNothing:
+            case SHOGI WhiteLion:
+            case SHOGI BlackLion:
+            case WhiteLion:
+            case BlackLion:
+              for(rt = rf - 2; rt <= rf + 2; rt++) for(ft = ff - 2; ft <= ff + 2; ft++) {
+                if (rt < 0 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT || ft < BOARD_LEFT || ft >= BOARD_RGHT) continue;
+                if (!(ff == ft && rf == rt) && SameColor(board[rf][ff], board[rt][ft])) continue;
+                callback(board, flags, (rt-rf)*(rt-rf) + (ff-ft)*(ff-ft) < 3 && board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare ? FirstLeg : NormalMove,
+                         rf, ff, rt, ft, closure);
+              }
+              break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteFalcon:
+            case SHOGI BlackFalcon:
+            case SHOGI WhitePDagger:
+            case SHOGI BlackPDagger:
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteCobra:
+            case SHOGI BlackCobra:
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI (PROMOTED WhiteFerz):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto WhiteGold;
+            case SHOGI (PROMOTED BlackFerz):
+               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) goto BlackGold;
+            case SHOGI WhitePSword:
+            case SHOGI BlackPSword:
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteUnicorn:
+            case SHOGI BlackUnicorn:
+               Ferz(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteMan:
+               StepDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackMan:
+               StepDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               StepVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteHCrown:
+            case SHOGI BlackHCrown:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteCrown:
+            case SHOGI BlackCrown:
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteHorned:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, 1, 0, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackHorned:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, -1, 0, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Bishop(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideSideways(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteEagle:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, 1,  1, callback, closure);
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, 1, -1, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackEagle:
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, -1,  1, callback, closure);
+               Sting(board, flags, rf, ff, -1, -1, callback, closure);
+               callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+               if(killX >= 0) break;
+               Rook(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteDolphin:
+            case SHOGI BlackHorse:
+               SlideDiagBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackDolphin:
+            case SHOGI WhiteHorse:
+               SlideDiagForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               SlideVertical(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI WhiteLance:
+               SlideForward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+            case SHOGI BlackLance:
+               SlideBackward(board, flags, rf, ff, callback, closure);
+               break;
+
+           case WhiteFalcon: // [HGM] wild: for wildcards, self-capture symbolizes move to anywhere
+           case BlackFalcon:
+           case WhiteCobra:
+           case BlackCobra:
+             callback(board, flags, NormalMove, rf, ff, rf, ff, closure);
+             break;
+
          }
       }
 }
@@ -688,23 +1145,39 @@ typedef struct {
     VOIDSTAR cl;
 } GenLegalClosure;
 
+int rFilter, fFilter; // [HGM] speed: sorry, but I get a bit tired of this closure madness
+Board xqCheckers, nullBoard;
+
 extern void GenLegalCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void GenLegalCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+GenLegalCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register GenLegalClosure *cl = (GenLegalClosure *) closure;
 
-    if (!(flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) &&
-       CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft,
+    if(rFilter >= 0 && rFilter != rt || fFilter >= 0 && fFilter != ft) return; // [HGM] speed: ignore moves with wrong to-square
+
+    if (board[EP_STATUS] == EP_IRON_LION && (board[rt][ft] == WhiteLion || board[rt][ft] == BlackLion)) return; //[HGM] lion
+
+    if (!(flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) ) {
+      int check, promo = (gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan && kind == BlackPromotion);
+      if(promo) {
+           int r, f, kings=0;
+           for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT;       f++)
+               kings += (board[r][f] == BlackKing);
+           if(kings >= 2)
+             promo = 0;
+           else
+               board[rf][ff] = BlackKing; // [HGM] spartan: promote to King before check-test
+       }
+       check = CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft,
                  kind == WhiteCapturesEnPassant ||
-                 kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant)) return;
+                 kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant);
+       if(promo) board[rf][ff] = BlackLance;
+      if(check) return;
+    }
     if (flags & F_ATOMIC_CAPTURE) {
       if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare ||
          kind == WhiteCapturesEnPassant || kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant) {
@@ -726,6 +1199,7 @@ void GenLegalCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
 typedef struct {
     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
     ChessMove kind;
+    int captures; // [HGM] losers
 } LegalityTestClosure;
 
 
@@ -736,25 +1210,22 @@ typedef struct {
    true if castling is not yet ruled out by a move of the king or
    rook.  Return TRUE if the player on move is currently in check and
    F_IGNORE_CHECK is not set.  [HGM] add castlingRights parameter */
-int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     int epfile;
-     char castlingRights[];
-     MoveCallback callback;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+int
+GenLegal (Board board, int  flags, MoveCallback callback, VOIDSTAR closure, ChessSquare filter)
 {
     GenLegalClosure cl;
-    int ff, ft, k, left, right;
+    int ff, ft, k, left, right, swap;
     int ignoreCheck = (flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) != 0;
-    ChessSquare wKing = WhiteKing, bKing = BlackKing;
+    ChessSquare wKing = WhiteKing, bKing = BlackKing, *castlingRights = board[CASTLING];
+    int inCheck = !ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, -1, -1, -1, -1, FALSE); // kludge alert: this would mark pre-existing checkers if status==1
 
     cl.cb = callback;
     cl.cl = closure;
-    GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, epfile, GenLegalCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+    xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] *= 2; // quasi: if previous CheckTest has been marking, we now set flag for suspending same checkers
+    if(filter == EmptySquare) rFilter = fFilter = -1; // [HGM] speed: do not filter on square if we do not filter on piece
+    GenPseudoLegal(board, flags, GenLegalCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, filter);
 
-    if (!ignoreCheck &&
-       CheckTest(board, flags, -1, -1, -1, -1, FALSE)) return TRUE;
+    if (inCheck) return TRUE;
 
     /* Generate castling moves */
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantKnightmate) { /* [HGM] Knightmate */
@@ -770,9 +1241,9 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[0][BOARD_RGHT-3] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_RGHT-2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_RGHT-1] == WhiteRook &&
-            castlingRights[0] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[0] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[2] == ff || castlingRights[6] == ff ) &&
-            (ignoreCheck ||                             
+            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, ff + 1, FALSE) &&
               !CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, BOARD_RGHT-3, FALSE) &&
               (gameInfo.variant != VariantJanus || !CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, BOARD_RGHT-2, FALSE)) &&
@@ -790,7 +1261,7 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[0][BOARD_LEFT+2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_LEFT+1] == EmptySquare &&
             board[0][BOARD_LEFT+0] == WhiteRook &&
-            castlingRights[1] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[1] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[2] == ff || castlingRights[6] == ff ) &&
            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, ff - 1, FALSE) &&
@@ -809,7 +1280,7 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_RGHT-3] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_RGHT-2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_RGHT-1] == BlackRook &&
-            castlingRights[3] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[3] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[5] == ff || castlingRights[7] == ff ) &&
            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff + 1, FALSE) &&
@@ -829,7 +1300,7 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_LEFT+2] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_LEFT+1] == EmptySquare &&
             board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][BOARD_LEFT+0] == BlackRook &&
-            castlingRights[4] >= 0 && /* [HGM] check rights */
+            castlingRights[4] != NoRights && /* [HGM] check rights */
             ( castlingRights[5] == ff || castlingRights[7] == ff ) &&
            (ignoreCheck ||
             (!CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff - 1, FALSE) &&
@@ -842,15 +1313,16 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
        }
     }
 
-  if(gameInfo.variant == VariantFischeRandom) {
+  if((swap = gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess) || flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) {
 
     /* generate all potential FRC castling moves (KxR), ignoring flags */
     /* [HGM] test if the Rooks we find have castling rights */
+    /* In S-Chess we generate RxK for allowed castlings, for gating at Rook square */
 
 
     if ((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != 0) {
         ff = castlingRights[2]; /* King file if we have any rights */
-        if(ff > 0 && board[0][ff] == WhiteKing) {
+        if(ff != NoRights && board[0][ff] == WhiteKing) {
     if (appData.debugMode) {
         fprintf(debugFP, "FRC castling, %d %d %d %d %d %d\n",
                 castlingRights[0],castlingRights[1],ff,castlingRights[3],castlingRights[4],castlingRights[5]);
@@ -859,50 +1331,60 @@ int GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, callback, closure)
             left  = ff+1;
             right = BOARD_RGHT-2;
             if(ff == BOARD_RGHT-2) left = right = ff-1;    /* special case */
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            for(k=left; k<right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook)
-                callback(board, flags, WhiteHSideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            for(k=left; k<right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, WhiteHSideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, WhiteHSideCastleFR, 0, ft, 0, ff, closure);
+            }
 
             ft = castlingRights[1]; /* Rook file if we have A-side rights */
             left  = BOARD_LEFT+2;
             right = ff-1;
             if(ff <= BOARD_LEFT+2) { left = ff+1; right = BOARD_LEFT+3; }
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2) 
-            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook)
-                callback(board, flags, WhiteASideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[0][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft == 0 && ff != 1 && board[0][1] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights; /* Rook can be blocked on b1 */
+            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2)
+            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, 0, ff, 0, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[0][ft] == WhiteRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, WhiteASideCastleFR, 0, ff, 0, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, WhiteASideCastleFR, 0, ft, 0, ff, closure);
+            }
         }
     } else {
         ff = castlingRights[5]; /* King file if we have any rights */
-        if(ff > 0 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ff] == BlackKing) {
+        if(ff != NoRights && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ff] == BlackKing) {
             ft = castlingRights[3]; /* Rook file if we have H-side rights */
             left  = ff+1;
             right = BOARD_RGHT-2;
             if(ff == BOARD_RGHT-2) left = right = ff-1;    /* special case */
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            for(k=left; k<right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook)
-                callback(board, flags, BlackHSideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            for(k=left; k<right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, BlackHSideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, BlackHSideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, closure);
+            }
 
             ft = castlingRights[4]; /* Rook file if we have A-side rights */
             left  = BOARD_LEFT+2;
             right = ff-1;
             if(ff <= BOARD_LEFT+2) { left = ff+1; right = BOARD_LEFT+3; }
-            for(k=left; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* first test if blocked */
-                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = -1;
-            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2) 
-            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft >= 0; k++) /* then if not checked */
-                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = -1;
-            if(ft >= 0 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook)
-                callback(board, flags, BlackASideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+            for(k=left; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* first test if blocked */
+                if(k != ft && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][k] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft == 0 && ff != 1 && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][1] != EmptySquare) ft = NoRights; /* Rook can be blocked on b8 */
+            if(ff > BOARD_LEFT+2)
+            for(k=left+1; k<=right && ft != NoRights; k++) /* then if not checked */
+                if(!ignoreCheck && CheckTest(board, flags, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, k, FALSE)) ft = NoRights;
+            if(ft != NoRights && board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1][ft] == BlackRook) {
+                if(flags & F_FRC_TYPE_CASTLING) callback(board, flags, BlackASideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, closure);
+                if(swap)                        callback(board, flags, BlackASideCastleFR, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ft, BOARD_HEIGHT-1, ff, closure);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -923,16 +1405,19 @@ extern void CheckTestCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                 VOIDSTAR closure));
 
 
-void CheckTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+CheckTestCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register CheckTestClosure *cl = (CheckTestClosure *) closure;
 
-    if (rt == cl->rking && ft == cl->fking) cl->check++;
+    if (rt == cl->rking && ft == cl->fking) {
+       if(xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] >= 2 && xqCheckers[rf][ff]) return; // checker is piece with suspended checking power
+       cl->check++;
+       xqCheckers[rf][ff] = xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] & 1; // remember who is checking (if status == 1)
+    }
+    if( board[EP_STATUS] == EP_ROYAL_LION && (board[rt][ft] == WhiteLion || board[rt][ft] == BlackLion)
+       && (gameInfo.variant != VariantLion || board[rf][ff] != WhiteKing && board[rf][ff] != BlackKing) )
+       cl->check++; // [HGM] lion: forbidden counterstrike against Lion equated to putting yourself in check
 }
 
 
@@ -942,40 +1427,58 @@ void CheckTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
    e.p. capture.  The possibility of castling out of a check along the
    back rank is not accounted for (i.e., we still return nonzero), as
    this is illegal anyway.  Return value is the number of times the
-   king is in check. */ 
-int CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, enPassant)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft, enPassant;
+   king is in check. */
+int
+CheckTest (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, int enPassant)
 {
     CheckTestClosure cl;
     ChessSquare king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteKing : BlackKing;
-    ChessSquare captured = EmptySquare;
+    ChessSquare captured = EmptySquare, ep=0, trampled=0;
     /*  Suppress warnings on uninitialized variables    */
 
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi)
         king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteWazir : BlackWazir;
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantKnightmate)
         king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteUnicorn : BlackUnicorn;
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) { // strictly speaking this is not needed, as Chu officially has no check
+       int r, f, k = king, royals=0, prince = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteMonarch : BlackMonarch;
+       for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) {
+           if(board[r][f] == k || board[r][f] == prince) {
+               if(++royals > 1) return FALSE; // no check if we have two royals (ignores double captureby Lion!)
+               king = board[r][f]; // remember hich one we had
+           }
+       }
+    }
 
-    if (rf >= 0) {
+    if (rt >= 0) {
        if (enPassant) {
            captured = board[rf][ft];
            board[rf][ft] = EmptySquare;
        } else {
-           captured = board[rt][ft];
+           captured = board[rt][ft];
+           if(killX >= 0) { trampled = board[killY][killX]; board[killY][killX] = EmptySquare; }
+       }
+       if(rf == DROP_RANK) board[rt][ft] = ff; else { // [HGM] drop
+           board[rt][ft] = board[rf][ff];
+           board[rf][ff] = EmptySquare;
+       }
+       ep = board[EP_STATUS];
+       if( captured == WhiteLion || captured == BlackLion ) { // [HGM] lion: Chu Lion-capture rules
+           ChessSquare victim = killX < 0 ? EmptySquare : trampled;
+           if( (board[rt][ft] == WhiteLion || board[rt][ft] == BlackLion) &&           // capturer is Lion
+               (ff - ft > 1 || ft - ff > 1 || rf - rt > 1 || rt - rf > 1) &&           // captures from a distance
+               (victim == EmptySquare || victim == WhitePawn || victim == BlackPawn) ) // no or worthless 'bridge'
+                    board[EP_STATUS] = EP_ROYAL_LION; // on distant Lion x Lion victim must not be pseudo-legally protected
        }
-       board[rt][ft] = board[rf][ff];
-       board[rf][ff] = EmptySquare;
     }
 
     /* For compatibility with ICS wild 9, we scan the board in the
        order a1, a2, a3, ... b1, b2, ..., h8 to find the first king,
        and we test only whether that one is in check. */
-    cl.check = 0;
     for (cl.fking = BOARD_LEFT+0; cl.fking < BOARD_RGHT; cl.fking++)
        for (cl.rking = 0; cl.rking < BOARD_HEIGHT; cl.rking++) {
           if (board[cl.rking][cl.fking] == king) {
+             cl.check = 0;
               if(gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi) {
                   /* [HGM] In Xiangqi opposing Kings means check as well */
                   int i, dir;
@@ -986,120 +1489,208 @@ int CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, enPassant)
                       board[i][cl.fking] == (dir>0 ? BlackWazir : WhiteWazir) )
                           cl.check++;
               }
-
-             GenPseudoLegal(board, flags ^ F_WHITE_ON_MOVE, -1,
-                            CheckTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
-             goto undo_move;  /* 2-level break */
+             GenPseudoLegal(board, flags ^ F_WHITE_ON_MOVE, CheckTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, EmptySquare);
+             if(gameInfo.variant != VariantSpartan || cl.check == 0) // in Spartan Chess go on to test if other King is checked too
+                goto undo_move;  /* 2-level break */
          }
       }
 
   undo_move:
 
-    if (rf >= 0) {
-       board[rf][ff] = board[rt][ft];
+    if (rt >= 0) {
+       if(rf != DROP_RANK) // [HGM] drop
+           board[rf][ff] = board[rt][ft];
        if (enPassant) {
            board[rf][ft] = captured;
            board[rt][ft] = EmptySquare;
        } else {
+           if(killX >= 0) board[killY][killX] = trampled;
            board[rt][ft] = captured;
        }
+       board[EP_STATUS] = ep;
     }
 
-    return cl.check;
+    return cl.fking < BOARD_RGHT ? cl.check : 1000; // [HGM] atomic: return 1000 if we have no king
+}
+
+int
+HasLion (Board board, int flags)
+{
+    int lion = F_WHITE_ON_MOVE & flags ? WhiteLion : BlackLion;
+    int r, f;
+    for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++)
+        if(board[r][f] == lion) return 1;
+    return 0;
 }
 
+ChessMove
+LegalDrop (Board board, int flags, ChessSquare piece, int rt, int ft)
+{   // [HGM] put drop legality testing in separate routine for clarity
+    int n;
+if(appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "LegalDrop: %d @ %d,%d)\n", piece, ft, rt);
+    if(board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) return ImpossibleMove; // must drop to empty square
+    n = PieceToNumber(piece);
+    if((gameInfo.holdingsWidth == 0 || (flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? board[n][BOARD_WIDTH-1] : board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1-n][0]) != piece)
+       && gameInfo.variant != VariantBughouse) // in bughouse we don't check for availability, because ICS doesn't always tell us
+        return ImpossibleMove; // piece not available
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) { // in Shogi lots of drops are forbidden!
+        if((piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && rt == BOARD_HEIGHT-1 ||
+           (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && rt == 0 ||
+            piece == WhiteKnight && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3 ||
+            piece == BlackKnight && rt < 2 ) return IllegalMove; // e.g. where dropped piece has no moves
+        if(piece == WhitePawn || piece == BlackPawn) {
+            int r, max = 1 + (BOARD_HEIGHT == 7); // two Pawns per file in Tori!
+            for(r=1; r<BOARD_HEIGHT-1; r++)
+                if(!(max -= (board[r][ft] == piece))) return IllegalMove; // or there already is a Pawn in file
+            // should still test if we mate with this Pawn
+        }
+    } else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess) { // only back-rank drops
+        if (rt != (piece < BlackPawn ? 0 : BOARD_HEIGHT-1)) return IllegalMove;
+    } else {
+        if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == BlackPawn) &&
+            (rt == 0 || rt == BOARD_HEIGHT -1 ) )
+            return IllegalMove; /* no pawn drops on 1st/8th */
+    }
+if(appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "LegalDrop: %d @ %d,%d)\n", piece, ft, rt);
+    if (!(flags & F_IGNORE_CHECK) &&
+       CheckTest(board, flags, DROP_RANK, piece, rt, ft, FALSE) ) return IllegalMove;
+    return flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteDrop : BlackDrop;
+}
 
 extern void LegalityTestCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                    int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                    VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void LegalityTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+LegalityTestCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register LegalityTestClosure *cl = (LegalityTestClosure *) closure;
 
-//    if (appData.debugMode) {
-//        fprintf(debugFP, "Legality test: %c%c%c%c\n", ff+AAA, rf+ONE, ft+AAA, rt+ONE);
-//    }
+    if(board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare || kind==WhiteCapturesEnPassant || kind==BlackCapturesEnPassant)
+       cl->captures++; // [HGM] losers: count legal captures
     if (rf == cl->rf && ff == cl->ff && rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft)
       cl->kind = kind;
 }
 
-ChessMove LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar;
-     char castlingRights[];
+ChessMove
+LegalityTest (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, int promoChar)
 {
-    LegalityTestClosure cl; ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
-    
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        int i;
-        for(i=0; i<6; i++) fprintf(debugFP, "%d ", castlingRights[i]);
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Legality test? %c%c%c%c\n", ff+AAA, rf+ONE, ft+AAA, rt+ONE);
-    }
-    /* [HGM] Lance, Cobra and Falcon are wildcard pieces; consider all their moves legal */
+    LegalityTestClosure cl; ChessSquare piece, filterPiece;
+
+    if(quickFlag) flags = flags & ~1 | quickFlag & 1; // [HGM] speed: in quick mode quickFlag specifies side-to-move.
+    if(rf == DROP_RANK) return LegalDrop(board, flags, ff, rt, ft);
+    piece = filterPiece = board[rf][ff];
+    if(PieceToChar(piece) == '~') filterPiece = DEMOTED piece;
+
+    /* [HGM] Cobra and Falcon are wildcard pieces; consider all their moves legal */
     /* (perhaps we should disallow moves that obviously leave us in check?)              */
-    if(piece == WhiteFalcon || piece == BlackFalcon ||
-       piece == WhiteCobra  || piece == BlackCobra  ||
-       piece == WhiteLance  || piece == BlackLance)
-        return NormalMove;
+    if((piece == WhiteFalcon || piece == BlackFalcon ||
+        piece == WhiteCobra  || piece == BlackCobra) && gameInfo.variant != VariantChu)
+        return CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, FALSE) ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
 
     cl.rf = rf;
     cl.ff = ff;
-    cl.rt = rt;
-    cl.ft = ft;
+    cl.rt = rFilter = rt; // [HGM] speed: filter on to-square
+    cl.ft = fFilter = ft;
     cl.kind = IllegalMove;
-    GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, LegalityTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
-
+    cl.captures = 0; // [HGM] losers: prepare to count legal captures.
+    if(flags & F_MANDATORY_CAPTURE) filterPiece = EmptySquare; // [HGM] speed: do not filter in suicide, to find all captures
+    GenLegal(board, flags, LegalityTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, filterPiece);
+    if((flags & F_MANDATORY_CAPTURE) && cl.captures && board[rt][ft] == EmptySquare
+               && cl.kind != WhiteCapturesEnPassant && cl.kind != BlackCapturesEnPassant)
+       return(IllegalMove); // [HGM] losers: if there are legal captures, non-capts are illegal
+
+    if(promoChar == 'x') promoChar = NULLCHAR; // [HGM] is this ever the case?
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess && promoChar && promoChar != '=' && board[rf][ff] != WhitePawn && board[rf][ff] != BlackPawn) {
+        if(board[rf][ff] < BlackPawn) { // white
+            if(rf != 0) return IllegalMove; // must be on back rank
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][ff] & VIRGIN_W)) return IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToUpper(promoChar)))][BOARD_WIDTH-2] == 0) return ImpossibleMove;// must be in stock
+            if(cl.kind == WhiteHSideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+            if(cl.kind == WhiteASideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+        } else {
+            if(rf != BOARD_HEIGHT-1) return IllegalMove;
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][ff] & VIRGIN_B)) return IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1-PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToLower(promoChar)))][1] == 0) return ImpossibleMove;
+            if(cl.kind == BlackHSideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+            if(cl.kind == BlackASideCastleFR && (ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) return ImpossibleMove;
+        }
+    } else
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) {
+        if(cl.kind != NormalMove || promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == '=') return cl.kind;
+        if(promoChar != '+')
+            return CharToPiece(promoChar) == EmptySquare ? ImpossibleMove : IllegalMove;
+        if(PieceToChar(CHUPROMOTED board[rf][ff]) != '+') return ImpossibleMove;
+        return flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhitePromotion : BlackPromotion;
+    } else
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
         /* [HGM] Shogi promotions. '=' means defer */
         if(rf != DROP_RANK && cl.kind == NormalMove) {
             ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
 
             if(promoChar == PieceToChar(BlackQueen)) promoChar = NULLCHAR; /* [HGM] Kludge */
-            if(promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != 'x' &&
-               promoChar != '+' && promoChar != '=' &&
-               ToUpper(PieceToChar(PROMOTED piece)) != ToUpper(promoChar) )
-                    cl.kind = IllegalMove;
+            if(promoChar == 'd' && (piece == WhiteRook   || piece == BlackRook)   ||
+               promoChar == 'h' && (piece == WhiteBishop || piece == BlackBishop) ||
+               promoChar == 'g' && (piece <= WhiteFerz || piece <= BlackFerz && piece >= BlackPawn) )
+                  promoChar = '+'; // allowed ICS notations
+if(appData.debugMode)fprintf(debugFP,"SHOGI promoChar = %c\n", promoChar ? promoChar : '-');
+            if(promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != '+' && promoChar != '=')
+                return CharToPiece(promoChar) == EmptySquare ? ImpossibleMove : IllegalMove;
             else if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
                 if( (int) piece < (int) WhiteWazir &&
-                     (rf > BOARD_HEIGHT-4 || rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-4) ) {
+                     (rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT - BOARD_HEIGHT/3 || rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT - BOARD_HEIGHT/3) ) {
                     if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ||
                          piece == WhiteKnight && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3) /* promotion mandatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? NormalMove  : WhitePromotionQueen;
-                   
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? WhitePromotion : WhiteNonPromotion;
+                } else cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             } else {
-                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (rf < 3 || rt < 3) ) {
+                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (rf < BOARD_HEIGHT/3 || rt < BOARD_HEIGHT/3) ) {
                     if( (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && rt < 1 ||
                          piece == BlackKnight && rt < 2 ) /* promotion obligatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? NormalMove  : BlackPromotionQueen;
-
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? BlackPromotion : BlackNonPromotion;
+                } else cl.kind = promoChar == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             }
         }
     } else
-    if (promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != 'x') {
+    if (promoChar != NULLCHAR) {
+       if(cl.kind == NormalMove && promoChar == '+') { // allow shogi-style promotion is pieceToChar specifies them
+            ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
+            if(piece < BlackPawn ? piece > WhiteMan : piece > BlackMan) return ImpossibleMove; // already promoted
+            // should test if in zone, really
+            if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && (piece == WhiteKnight || piece == BlackKnight) && HasLion(board, flags))
+                return IllegalMove;
+            if(PieceToChar(PROMOTED piece) == '+') return flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhitePromotion : BlackPromotion;
+        } else
        if(promoChar == '=') cl.kind = IllegalMove; else // [HGM] shogi: no deferred promotion outside Shogi
-       if (cl.kind == WhitePromotionQueen || cl.kind == BlackPromotionQueen) {
-           cl.kind = 
-             PromoCharToMoveType((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != 0, promoChar);
+       if (cl.kind == WhitePromotion || cl.kind == BlackPromotion) {
+           ChessSquare piece = CharToPiece(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? ToUpper(promoChar) : ToLower(promoChar));
+           if(piece == EmptySquare)
+                cl.kind = ImpossibleMove; // non-existing piece
+           if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && promoChar == 'l' && HasLion(board, flags)) {
+                cl.kind = IllegalMove; // no two Lions
+           } else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSpartan && cl.kind == BlackPromotion ) {
+               if(promoChar != PieceToChar(BlackKing)) {
+                   if(CheckTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, FALSE)) cl.kind = IllegalMove; // [HGM] spartan: only promotion to King was possible
+                   if(piece == BlackLance) cl.kind = ImpossibleMove;
+               } else { // promotion to King allowed only if we do not have two yet
+                   int r, f, kings = 0;
+                   for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) kings += (board[r][f] == BlackKing);
+                   if(kings == 2) cl.kind = IllegalMove;
+               }
+           } else if(piece == WhitePawn && rt == BOARD_HEIGHT-1 ||
+                         piece == BlackPawn && rt == 0) cl.kind = IllegalMove; // cannot stay Pawn on last rank in any variant
+           else if((piece == WhiteUnicorn || piece == BlackUnicorn) && gameInfo.variant == VariantKnightmate)
+             cl.kind = IllegalMove; // promotion to Royal Knight not allowed
+           else if((piece == WhiteKing || piece == BlackKing) && gameInfo.variant != VariantSuicide && gameInfo.variant != VariantGiveaway)
+             cl.kind = IllegalMove; // promotion to King usually not allowed
        } else {
            cl.kind = IllegalMove;
        }
     }
-    /* [HGM] For promotions, 'ToQueen' = optional, 'ToKnight' = mandatory */
     return cl.kind;
 }
 
@@ -1111,12 +1702,8 @@ extern void MateTestCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void MateTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+MateTestCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register MateTestClosure *cl = (MateTestClosure *) closure;
 
@@ -1124,37 +1711,76 @@ void MateTestCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
 }
 
 /* Return MT_NONE, MT_CHECK, MT_CHECKMATE, or MT_STALEMATE */
-int MateTest(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     char castlingRights[];
+int
+MateTest (Board board, int flags)
 {
     MateTestClosure cl;
-    int inCheck;
+    int inCheck, r, f, myPieces=0, hisPieces=0, nrKing=0;
+    ChessSquare king = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhiteKing : BlackKing;
 
+    for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) {
+        // [HGM] losers: Count pieces and kings, to detect other unorthodox winning conditions
+       nrKing += (board[r][f] == king);   // stm has king
+        if( board[r][f] != EmptySquare ) {
+           if((int)board[r][f] <= (int)king && (int)board[r][f] >= (int)king - (int)WhiteKing + (int)WhitePawn)
+                myPieces++;
+           else hisPieces++;
+       }
+    }
+    switch(gameInfo.variant) { // [HGM] losers: extinction wins
+       case VariantShatranj:
+               if(hisPieces == 1) return myPieces > 1 ? MT_BARE : MT_DRAW;
+       default:
+               break;
+       case VariantAtomic:
+               if(nrKing == 0) return MT_NOKING;
+               break;
+       case VariantLosers:
+               if(myPieces == 1) return MT_BARE;
+    }
     cl.count = 0;
-    inCheck = GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, castlingRights, MateTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+    inCheck = GenLegal(board, flags, MateTestCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, EmptySquare);
+    // [HGM] 3check: yet to do!
     if (cl.count > 0) {
        return inCheck ? MT_CHECK : MT_NONE;
     } else {
-        return inCheck || gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi || gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj ?
-                         MT_CHECKMATE : MT_STALEMATE;
+        if(gameInfo.holdingsWidth && gameInfo.variant != VariantSuper && gameInfo.variant != VariantGreat
+                                 && gameInfo.variant != VariantSChess && gameInfo.variant != VariantGrand) { // drop game
+            int r, f, n, holdings = flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? BOARD_WIDTH-1 : 0;
+            for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++) if(board[r][f] == EmptySquare) // all empty squares
+                for(n=0; n<BOARD_HEIGHT; n++) // all pieces in hand
+                    if(board[n][holdings] != EmptySquare) {
+                        int moveType = LegalDrop(board, flags, board[n][holdings], r, f);
+                        if(moveType == WhiteDrop || moveType == BlackDrop) return (inCheck ? MT_CHECK : MT_NONE); // we have legal drop
+                    }
+        }
+       if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSuicide) // [HGM] losers: always stalemate, since no check, but result varies
+               return myPieces == hisPieces ? MT_STALEMATE :
+                                       myPieces > hisPieces ? MT_STAINMATE : MT_STEALMATE;
+       else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantLosers) return inCheck ? MT_TRICKMATE : MT_STEALMATE;
+       else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantGiveaway) return MT_STEALMATE; // no check exists, stalemated = win
+
+        return inCheck ? MT_CHECKMATE
+                      : (gameInfo.variant == VariantXiangqi || gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj || IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant)) ?
+                         MT_STAINMATE : MT_STALEMATE;
     }
 }
 
-     
+
 extern void DisambiguateCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
                                    int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
                                    VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void DisambiguateCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+DisambiguateCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register DisambiguateClosure *cl = (DisambiguateClosure *) closure;
+    int wildCard = FALSE; ChessSquare piece = board[rf][ff];
+
+    // [HGM] wild: for wild-card pieces rt and rf are dummies
+    if(piece == WhiteFalcon || piece == BlackFalcon ||
+       piece == WhiteCobra  || piece == BlackCobra)
+        wildCard = TRUE;
 
     if ((cl->pieceIn == EmptySquare || cl->pieceIn == board[rf][ff]
          || PieceToChar(board[rf][ff]) == '~'
@@ -1162,119 +1788,143 @@ void DisambiguateCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
                                                                       ) &&
        (cl->rfIn == -1 || cl->rfIn == rf) &&
        (cl->ffIn == -1 || cl->ffIn == ff) &&
-       (cl->rtIn == -1 || cl->rtIn == rt) &&
-       (cl->ftIn == -1 || cl->ftIn == ft)) {
+       (cl->rtIn == -1 || cl->rtIn == rt || wildCard) &&
+       (cl->ftIn == -1 || cl->ftIn == ft || wildCard)) {
 
        cl->count++;
-        cl->piece = board[rf][ff];
-       cl->rf = rf;
-       cl->ff = ff;
-       cl->rt = rt;
-       cl->ft = ft;
-       cl->kind = kind;
+       if(cl->count == 1 || board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) {
+         // [HGM] oneclick: if multiple moves, be sure we remember capture
+         cl->piece = board[rf][ff];
+         cl->rf = rf;
+         cl->ff = ff;
+         cl->rt = wildCard ? cl->rtIn : rt;
+         cl->ft = wildCard ? cl->ftIn : ft;
+         cl->kind = kind;
+       }
+       cl->captures += (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare); // [HGM] oneclick: count captures
     }
 }
 
-void Disambiguate(board, flags, epfile, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     DisambiguateClosure *closure;
+void
+Disambiguate (Board board, int flags, DisambiguateClosure *closure)
 {
     int illegal = 0; char c = closure->promoCharIn;
-    closure->count = 0;
+
+    if(quickFlag) flags = flags & ~1 | quickFlag & 1; // [HGM] speed: in quick mode quickFlag specifies side-to-move.
+    closure->count = closure->captures = 0;
     closure->rf = closure->ff = closure->rt = closure->ft = 0;
     closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Disambiguate in:  %d(%d,%d)-(%d,%d) = %d (%c)\n",
-                             closure->pieceIn,closure->ffIn,closure->rfIn,closure->ftIn,closure->rtIn,
-                             closure->promoCharIn, closure->promoCharIn >= ' ' ? closure->promoCharIn : '-');
-    }
-    GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, initialRights, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure);
+    rFilter = closure->rtIn; // [HGM] speed: only consider moves to given to-square
+    fFilter = closure->ftIn;
+    if(quickFlag) { // [HGM] speed: try without check test first, because if that is not ambiguous, we are happy
+        GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn);
+        if(closure->count > 1) { // gamble did not pay off. retry with check test to resolve ambiguity
+            closure->count = closure->captures = 0;
+            closure->rf = closure->ff = closure->rt = closure->ft = 0;
+            closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            GenLegal(board, flags, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn); // [HGM] speed: only pieces of requested type
+        }
+    } else
+    GenLegal(board, flags, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn); // [HGM] speed: only pieces of requested type
     if (closure->count == 0) {
        /* See if it's an illegal move due to check */
         illegal = 1;
-        GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, epfile, initialRights, DisambiguateCallback,
-                (VOIDSTAR) closure);   
+        GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, DisambiguateCallback, (VOIDSTAR) closure, closure->pieceIn);
        if (closure->count == 0) {
            /* No, it's not even that */
-    if (appData.debugMode) { int i, j;
-       for(i=BOARD_HEIGHT-1; i>=0; i--) {
-               for(j=0; j<BOARD_WIDTH; j++)
-                       fprintf(debugFP, "%3d", (int) board[i][j]);
-               fprintf(debugFP, "\n");
-       }
-    }
+         if(!appData.testLegality && closure->pieceIn != EmptySquare) {
+           int f, r; // if there is only a single piece of the requested type on the board, use that
+           closure->rt = closure->rtIn, closure->ft = closure->ftIn;
+           for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<BOARD_RGHT; f++)
+               if(board[r][f] == closure->pieceIn) closure->count++, closure->rf = r, closure->ff = f;
+           if(closure->count > 1) illegal = 0; // ambiguous
+         }
+         if(closure->count == 0) {
+           if (appData.debugMode) { int i, j;
+               for(i=BOARD_HEIGHT-1; i>=0; i--) {
+                   for(j=0; j<BOARD_WIDTH; j++)
+                       fprintf(debugFP, "%3d", (int) board[i][j]);
+                   fprintf(debugFP, "\n");
+               }
+           }
            return;
+         }
        }
     }
 
+    if (c == 'x') c = NULLCHAR; // get rid of any 'x' (which should never happen?)
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess && c && c != '=' && closure->piece != WhitePawn && closure->piece != BlackPawn) {
+        if(closure->piece < BlackPawn) { // white
+            if(closure->rf != 0) closure->kind = IllegalMove; // must be on back rank
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][closure->ff] & VIRGIN_W)) closure->kind = IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToUpper(c)))][BOARD_WIDTH-2] == 0) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;// must be in stock
+            if(closure->kind == WhiteHSideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            if(closure->kind == WhiteASideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+        } else {
+            if(closure->rf != BOARD_HEIGHT-1) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+            if(!(board[VIRGIN][closure->ff] & VIRGIN_B)) closure->kind = IllegalMove; // non-virgin
+            if(board[BOARD_HEIGHT-1-PieceToNumber(CharToPiece(ToLower(c)))][1] == 0) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            if(closure->kind == BlackHSideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-2 || closure->ff == BOARD_RGHT-3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+            if(closure->kind == BlackASideCastleFR && (closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+2 || closure->ff == BOARD_LEFT+3)) closure->kind = ImpossibleMove;
+        }
+    } else
+    if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu) {
+        if(c == '+') closure->kind = (flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? WhitePromotion : BlackPromotion); // for now, accept any
+    } else
     if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
-        /* [HGM] Shogi promotions. '=' means defer */
+        /* [HGM] Shogi promotions. On input, '=' means defer, '+' promote. Afterwards, c is set to '+' for promotions, NULL other */
         if(closure->rfIn != DROP_RANK && closure->kind == NormalMove) {
             ChessSquare piece = closure->piece;
-#if 0
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Disambiguate A:   %d(%d,%d)-(%d,%d) = %d (%c)\n",
-                          closure->pieceIn,closure->ffIn,closure->rfIn,closure->ftIn,closure->rtIn,
-                          closure->promoCharIn,closure->promoCharIn);
-    }
-#endif
-            if(c != NULLCHAR && c != 'x' && c != '+' && c != '=' &&
-               ToUpper(PieceToChar(PROMOTED piece)) != ToUpper(c) ) 
-                    closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+            if (c == 'd' && (piece == WhiteRook   || piece == BlackRook)   ||
+                c == 'h' && (piece == WhiteBishop || piece == BlackBishop) ||
+                c == 'g' && (piece <= WhiteFerz || piece <= BlackFerz && piece >= BlackPawn) )
+                   c = '+'; // allowed ICS notations
+            if(c != NULLCHAR && c != '+' && c != '=') closure->kind = IllegalMove; // otherwise specifying a piece is illegal
             else if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
-#if 0
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Disambiguate B:   %d(%d,%d)-(%d,%d) = %d (%c)\n",
-                          closure->pieceIn,closure->ffIn,closure->rfIn,closure->ftIn,closure->rtIn,
-                          closure->promoCharIn,closure->promoCharIn);
-    }
-#endif
                 if( (int) piece < (int) WhiteWazir &&
-                     (closure->rf > BOARD_HEIGHT-4 || closure->rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-4) ) {
+                     (closure->rf >= BOARD_HEIGHT-(BOARD_HEIGHT/3) || closure->rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT-(BOARD_HEIGHT/3)) ) {
                     if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && closure->rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ||
                          piece == WhiteKnight && closure->rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3) /* promotion mandatory */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? NormalMove  : WhitePromotionQueen;
-                   
-                } else closure->kind = (c == NULLCHAR || c == 'x' || c == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       closure->kind = c == '+' ? WhitePromotion : WhiteNonPromotion;
+                } else closure->kind = c == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             } else {
-                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (closure->rf < 3 || closure->rt < 3) ) {
+                if( (int) piece < (int) BlackWazir && (closure->rf < BOARD_HEIGHT/3 || closure->rt < BOARD_HEIGHT/3) ) {
                     if( (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && closure->rt < 1 ||
                          piece == BlackKnight && closure->rt < 2 ) /* promotion obligatory */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotionKnight;
-                    else /* promotion optional, default is promote */
-                             closure->kind = c == '=' ? NormalMove  : BlackPromotionQueen;
-
-                } else closure->kind = (c == NULLCHAR || c == 'x' || c == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
+                       closure->kind = c == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotion;
+                    else /* promotion optional, default is defer */
+                       closure->kind = c == '+' ? BlackPromotion : BlackNonPromotion;
+                } else closure->kind = c == '+' ? IllegalMove : NormalMove;
             }
         }
+        if(closure->kind == WhitePromotion || closure->kind == BlackPromotion) c = '+'; else
+        if(closure->kind == WhiteNonPromotion || closure->kind == BlackNonPromotion) c = '=';
     } else
-    if (closure->promoCharIn != NULLCHAR && closure->promoCharIn != 'x') {
-       if (closure->kind == WhitePromotionQueen
-           || closure->kind == BlackPromotionQueen) {
-           closure->kind = 
-             PromoCharToMoveType((flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) != 0,
-                                 closure->promoCharIn);
-       } else {
-           closure->kind = IllegalMove;
-       }
-    }
-#if 0
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Disambiguate C:   %d(%d,%d)-(%d,%d) = %d (%c)\n",
-                          closure->pieceIn,closure->ffIn,closure->rfIn,closure->ftIn,closure->rtIn,
-                          closure->promoCharIn,closure->promoCharIn);
-    }
-#endif
-    /* [HGM] returns 'q' for optional promotion, 'n' for mandatory */
-    if(closure->promoCharIn != '=')
-        closure->promoChar = ToLower(closure->promoCharIn);
-    else closure->promoChar = '=';
-    if (closure->promoChar == 'x') closure->promoChar = NULLCHAR;
+    if (closure->kind == WhitePromotion || closure->kind == BlackPromotion) {
+        if(c == NULLCHAR) { // missing promoChar on mandatory promotion; use default for variant
+            if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShatranj || gameInfo.variant == VariantCourier ||
+               gameInfo.variant == VariantMakruk || gameInfo.variant == VariantASEAN)
+                c = PieceToChar(BlackFerz);
+            else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantGreat)
+                c = PieceToChar(BlackMan);
+            else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantGrand)
+                   closure->kind = closure->rt != 0 && closure->rt != BOARD_HEIGHT-1 ? NormalMove : AmbiguousMove; // no default in Grand Chess
+            else
+                c = PieceToChar(BlackQueen);
+        } else if(c == '=') closure->kind = IllegalMove; // no deferral outside Shogi
+        else if(c == 'l' && gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && HasLion(board, flags)) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+    } else if (c == '+') { // '+' outside shogi, check if pieceToCharTable enabled it
+        ChessSquare p = closure->piece;
+        if(p > WhiteMan && p < BlackPawn || p > BlackMan || PieceToChar(PROMOTED p) != '+')
+            closure->kind = ImpossibleMove; // used on non-promotable piece
+        else if(gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && HasLion(board, flags)) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+    } else if (c != NULLCHAR) closure->kind = IllegalMove;
+
+    closure->promoChar = ToLower(c); // this can be NULLCHAR! Note we keep original promoChar even if illegal.
+    if(c != '+' && c != '=' && c != NULLCHAR && CharToPiece(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE ? ToUpper(c) : ToLower(c)) == EmptySquare)
+       closure->kind = ImpossibleMove; // but we cannot handle non-existing piece types!
     if (closure->count > 1) {
        closure->kind = AmbiguousMove;
     }
@@ -1285,14 +1935,6 @@ void Disambiguate(board, flags, epfile, closure)
        */
        closure->kind = IllegalMove;
     }
-    if(closure->kind == IllegalMove)
-    /* [HGM] might be a variant we don't understand, pass on promotion info */
-        closure->promoChar = ToLower(closure->promoCharIn);
-    if (appData.debugMode) {
-        fprintf(debugFP, "Disambiguate out: %d(%d,%d)-(%d,%d) = %d (%c)\n",
-        closure->piece,closure->ff,closure->rf,closure->ft,closure->rt,closure->promoChar,
-       closure->promoChar >= ' ' ? closure->promoChar:'-');
-    }
 }
 
 
@@ -1311,17 +1953,13 @@ extern void CoordsToAlgebraicCallback P((Board board, int flags,
                                         ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff,
                                         int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure));
 
-void CoordsToAlgebraicCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
-     Board board;
-     int flags;
-     ChessMove kind;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     VOIDSTAR closure;
+void
+CoordsToAlgebraicCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
 {
     register CoordsToAlgebraicClosure *cl =
       (CoordsToAlgebraicClosure *) closure;
 
-    if (rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft &&
+    if ((rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft || rt == rf && ft == ff) && // [HGM] null move matches any toSquare
         (board[rf][ff] == cl->piece
          || PieceToChar(board[rf][ff]) == '~' &&
             (ChessSquare) (DEMOTED board[rf][ff]) == cl->piece)
@@ -1338,27 +1976,23 @@ void CoordsToAlgebraicCallback(board, flags, kind, rf, ff, rt, ft, closure)
            } else {
                cl->either++; /* rank or file will rule out this move */
            }
-       }           
+       }
     }
 }
 
 /* Convert coordinates to normal algebraic notation.
    promoChar must be NULLCHAR or 'x' if not a promotion.
 */
-ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
-                           rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar, out)
-     Board board;
-     int flags, epfile;
-     int rf, ff, rt, ft;
-     int promoChar;
-     char out[MOVE_LEN];
+ChessMove
+CoordsToAlgebraic (Board board, int flags, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, int promoChar, char out[MOVE_LEN])
 {
     ChessSquare piece;
     ChessMove kind;
-    char *outp = out, c;
+    char *outp = out, c, capture;
     CoordsToAlgebraicClosure cl;
-    
+
     if (rf == DROP_RANK) {
+       if(ff == EmptySquare) { strncpy(outp, "--",3); return NormalMove; } // [HGM] pass
        /* Bughouse piece drop */
        *outp++ = ToUpper(PieceToChar((ChessSquare) ff));
        *outp++ = '@';
@@ -1374,30 +2008,28 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
     piece = board[rf][ff];
     if(PieceToChar(piece)=='~') piece = (ChessSquare)(DEMOTED piece);
 
-  if (appData.debugMode)
-          fprintf(debugFP, "CoordsToAlgebraic, piece=%d (%d,%d)-(%d,%d) %c\n", (int)piece,ff,rf,ft,rt,promoChar >= ' ' ? promoChar : '-');
     switch (piece) {
       case WhitePawn:
       case BlackPawn:
-        kind = LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, initialRights, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+        kind = LegalityTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
        if (kind == IllegalMove && !(flags&F_IGNORE_CHECK)) {
            /* Keep short notation if move is illegal only because it
                leaves the player in check, but still return IllegalMove */
-            kind = LegalityTest(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, epfile, initialRights,
-                              rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+            kind = LegalityTest(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
            if (kind == IllegalMove) break;
            kind = IllegalMove;
        }
        /* Pawn move */
         *outp++ = ff + AAA;
-        if (ff == ft && board[rt][ft] == EmptySquare) { /* [HGM] Xiangqi has straight noncapts! */
+       capture = board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare || kind == WhiteCapturesEnPassant || kind == BlackCapturesEnPassant;
+        if (ff == ft && !capture) { /* [HGM] Xiangqi has straight noncapts! */
            /* Non-capture; use style "e5" */
             if(rt+ONE <= '9')
                *outp++ = rt + ONE;
             else { *outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')/10 + '0';*outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')%10 + '0'; }
        } else {
            /* Capture; use style "exd5" */
-            if(gameInfo.variant != VariantXiangqi || board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare )
+            if(capture)
             *outp++ = 'x';  /* [HGM] Xiangqi has sideway noncaptures across river! */
             *outp++ = ft + AAA;
             if(rt+ONE <= '9')
@@ -1406,10 +2038,8 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        }
        /* Use promotion suffix style "=Q" */
        *outp = NULLCHAR;
-  if (appData.debugMode)
-          fprintf(debugFP, "movetype=%d, promochar=%d=%c\n", (int)kind, promoChar, promoChar >= ' ' ? promoChar : '-');
         if (promoChar != NULLCHAR) {
-            if(gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
+            if(IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant)) {
                 /* [HGM] ... but not in Shogi! */
                 *outp++ = promoChar == '=' ? '=' : '+';
             } else {
@@ -1420,28 +2050,31 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        }
         return kind;
 
-       
+
       case WhiteKing:
       case BlackKing:
         /* Fabien moved code: FRC castling first (if KxR), wild castling second */
        /* Code added by Tord:  FRC castling. */
        if((piece == WhiteKing && board[rt][ft] == WhiteRook) ||
           (piece == BlackKing && board[rt][ft] == BlackRook)) {
-         if(ft > ff) strcpy(out, "O-O"); else strcpy(out, "O-O-O");
-            return LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, initialRights,
-                               rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+         if(ft > ff)
+           safeStrCpy(out, "O-O", MOVE_LEN);
+         else
+           safeStrCpy(out, "O-O-O", MOVE_LEN);
+         return LegalityTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
        }
        /* End of code added by Tord */
        /* Test for castling or ICS wild castling */
        /* Use style "O-O" (oh-oh) for PGN compatibility */
        else if (rf == rt &&
            rf == ((piece == WhiteKing) ? 0 : BOARD_HEIGHT-1) &&
+            (ft - ff > 1 || ff - ft > 1) &&  // No castling if legal King move (on narrow boards!)
             ((ff == BOARD_WIDTH>>1 && (ft == BOARD_LEFT+2 || ft == BOARD_RGHT-2)) ||
              (ff == (BOARD_WIDTH-1)>>1 && (ft == BOARD_LEFT+1 || ft == BOARD_RGHT-3)))) {
             if(ft==BOARD_LEFT+1 || ft==BOARD_RGHT-2)
-               strcpy(out, "O-O");
+             snprintf(out, MOVE_LEN, "O-O%c%c", promoChar ? '/' : 0, ToUpper(promoChar));
             else
-               strcpy(out, "O-O-O");
+             snprintf(out, MOVE_LEN, "O-O-O%c%c", promoChar ? '/' : 0, ToUpper(promoChar));
 
            /* This notation is always unambiguous, unless there are
               kings on both the d and e files, with "wild castling"
@@ -1451,8 +2084,7 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
               this situation.  So I am not going to worry about it;
               I'll just generate an ambiguous O-O in this case.
            */
-            return LegalityTest(board, flags, epfile, initialRights,
-                               rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
+            return LegalityTest(board, flags, rf, ff, rt, ft, promoChar);
        }
 
        /* else fall through */
@@ -1460,20 +2092,19 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        /* Piece move */
        cl.rf = rf;
        cl.ff = ff;
-       cl.rt = rt;
-       cl.ft = ft;
+       cl.rt = rFilter = rt; // [HGM] speed: filter on to-square
+       cl.ft = fFilter = ft;
        cl.piece = piece;
        cl.kind = IllegalMove;
        cl.rank = cl.file = cl.either = 0;
-        GenLegal(board, flags, epfile, initialRights,
-                CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+        c = PieceToChar(piece) ;
+        GenLegal(board, flags, CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, c!='~' ? piece : (DEMOTED piece)); // [HGM] speed
 
        if (cl.kind == IllegalMove && !(flags&F_IGNORE_CHECK)) {
            /* Generate pretty moves for moving into check, but
               still return IllegalMove.
            */
-            GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, epfile, initialRights,
-                    CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl);
+            GenLegal(board, flags|F_IGNORE_CHECK, CoordsToAlgebraicCallback, (VOIDSTAR) &cl, c!='~' ? piece : (DEMOTED piece));
            if (cl.kind == IllegalMove) break;
            cl.kind = IllegalMove;
        }
@@ -1483,10 +2114,9 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
           else "N1f3" or "N5xf7",
           else "Ng1f3" or "Ng5xf7".
        */
-        c = PieceToChar(piece) ;
         if( c == '~' || c == '+') {
            /* [HGM] print nonexistent piece as its demoted version */
-           piece = (ChessSquare) (DEMOTED piece);
+           piece = (ChessSquare) (DEMOTED piece - 11*(gameInfo.variant == VariantChu));
         }
         if(c=='+') *outp++ = c;
         *outp++ = ToUpper(PieceToChar(piece));
@@ -1507,60 +2137,30 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
         if(rt+ONE <= '9')
            *outp++ = rt + ONE;
         else { *outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')/10 + '0';*outp++ = (rt+ONE-'0')%10 + '0'; }
-       *outp = NULLCHAR;
-        if (gameInfo.variant == VariantShogi) {
+        if (IS_SHOGI(gameInfo.variant)) {
             /* [HGM] in Shogi non-pawns can promote */
-            if(flags & F_WHITE_ON_MOVE) {
-                if( (int) cl.piece < (int) WhiteWazir &&
-                     (rf > BOARD_HEIGHT-4 || rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-4) ) {
-                    if( (piece == WhitePawn || piece == WhiteQueen) && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-2 ||
-                         piece == WhiteKnight && rt > BOARD_HEIGHT-3) /* promotion mandatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : WhitePromotionKnight;
-                    else cl.kind =  WhitePromotionQueen; /* promotion optional */
-                   
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
-            } else {
-                if( (int) cl.piece < (int) BlackWazir && (rf < 3 || rt < 3) ) {
-                    if( (piece == BlackPawn || piece == BlackQueen) && rt < 1 ||
-                         piece == BlackKnight && rt < 2 ) /* promotion obligatory */
-                             cl.kind = promoChar == '=' ? IllegalMove : BlackPromotionKnight;
-                    else cl.kind =  BlackPromotionQueen; /* promotion optional */
-                } else cl.kind = (promoChar == NULLCHAR || promoChar == 'x' || promoChar == '=') ?
-                                            NormalMove : IllegalMove;
-            }
-            if(cl.kind == WhitePromotionQueen || cl.kind == BlackPromotionQueen) {
-                /* for optional promotions append '+' or '=' */
-                if(promoChar == '=') {
-                    *outp++ = '=';
-                    cl.kind = NormalMove;
-                } else *outp++ = '+';
-                *outp = NULLCHAR;
-            } else if(cl.kind == IllegalMove) {
-                /* Illegal move specifies any given promotion */
-                if(promoChar != NULLCHAR && promoChar != 'x') {
-                    *outp++ = '=';
-                    *outp++ = ToUpper(promoChar);
-                    *outp = NULLCHAR;
-                }
-            }
+            *outp++ = promoChar; // Don't bother to correct move type, return value is never used!
+        }
+        else if (gameInfo.variant == VariantChuChess && promoChar ||
+                 gameInfo.variant != VariantSuper && promoChar &&
+                 (piece == WhiteLance || piece == BlackLance) ) { // Lance sometimes represents Pawn
+            *outp++ = '=';
+            *outp++ = ToUpper(promoChar);
+        }
+        else if (gameInfo.variant == VariantSChess && promoChar) { // and in S-Chess we have gating
+            *outp++ = '/';
+            *outp++ = ToUpper(promoChar);
         }
+       *outp = NULLCHAR;
         return cl.kind;
-       
-      /* [HGM] Always long notation for fairies we don't know */
-      case WhiteFalcon:
-      case BlackFalcon:
-      case WhiteLance:
-      case BlackLance:
-      case WhiteGrasshopper:
-      case BlackGrasshopper:
+
       case EmptySquare:
        /* Moving a nonexistent piece */
        break;
     }
-    
+
     /* Not a legal move, even ignoring check.
-       If there was a piece on the from square, 
+       If there was a piece on the from square,
        use style "Ng1g3" or "Ng1xe8";
        if there was a pawn or nothing (!),
        use style "g1g3" or "g1xe8".  Use "x"
@@ -1568,13 +2168,19 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
        a piece of the same color.
     */
     outp = out;
+    c = 0;
     if (piece != EmptySquare && piece != WhitePawn && piece != BlackPawn) {
+       int r, f;
+      for(r=0; r<BOARD_HEIGHT; r++) for(f=BOARD_LEFT; f<=BOARD_RGHT; f++)
+               c += (board[r][f] == piece); // count on-board pieces of given type
        *outp++ = ToUpper(PieceToChar(piece));
     }
+  if(c != 1) { // [HGM] but if there is only one piece of the mentioned type, no from-square, thank you!
     *outp++ = ff + AAA;
     if(rf+ONE <= '9')
        *outp++ = rf + ONE;
     else { *outp++ = (rf+ONE-'0')/10 + '0';*outp++ = (rf+ONE-'0')%10 + '0'; }
+  }
     if (board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare) *outp++ = 'x';
     *outp++ = ft + AAA;
     if(rt+ONE <= '9')
@@ -1590,4 +2196,217 @@ ChessMove CoordsToAlgebraic(board, flags, epfile,
     return IllegalMove;
 }
 
+// [HGM] XQ: the following code serves to detect perpetual chasing (Asian rules)
+
+typedef struct {
+    /* Input */
+    int rf, ff, rt, ft;
+    /* Output */
+    int recaptures;
+} ChaseClosure;
+
+// I guess the following variables logically belong in the closure too, but I was too lazy and used globals
+
+int preyStackPointer, chaseStackPointer;
+
+struct {
+unsigned char rf, ff, rt, ft;
+} chaseStack[100];
+
+struct {
+unsigned char rank, file;
+} preyStack[100];
 
+
+
+
+// there are three new callbacks for use with GenLegal: for adding captures, deleting them, and finding a recapture
+
+extern void AtacksCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
+                               int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
+                               VOIDSTAR closure));
+
+void
+AttacksCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{   // For adding captures that can lead to chase indictment to the chaseStack
+    if(board[rt][ft] == EmptySquare) return;                               // non-capture
+    if(board[rt][ft] == WhitePawn && rt <  BOARD_HEIGHT/2) return;         // Pawn before river can be chased
+    if(board[rt][ft] == BlackPawn && rt >= BOARD_HEIGHT/2) return;         // Pawn before river can be chased
+    if(board[rf][ff] == WhitePawn  || board[rf][ff] == BlackPawn)  return; // Pawns are allowed to chase
+    if(board[rf][ff] == WhiteWazir || board[rf][ff] == BlackWazir) return; // King is allowed to chase
+    // move cannot be excluded from being a chase trivially (based on attacker and victim); save it on chaseStack
+    chaseStack[chaseStackPointer].rf = rf;
+    chaseStack[chaseStackPointer].ff = ff;
+    chaseStack[chaseStackPointer].rt = rt;
+    chaseStack[chaseStackPointer].ft = ft;
+    chaseStackPointer++;
+}
+
+extern void ExistingAtacksCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
+                               int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
+                               VOIDSTAR closure));
+
+void
+ExistingAttacksCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{   // for removing pre-exsting captures from the chaseStack, to be left with newly created ones
+    int i;
+    register ChaseClosure *cl = (ChaseClosure *) closure; //closure tells us the move played in the repeat loop
+
+    if(board[rt][ft] == EmptySquare) return; // no capture
+    if(rf == cl->rf && ff == cl->ff) { // attacks with same piece from new position are not considered new
+       rf = cl->rt; ff = cl->ft;      // doctor their fromSquare so they will be recognized in chaseStack
+    }
+    // search move in chaseStack, and delete it if it occurred there (as we know now it is not a new capture)
+    for(i=0; i<chaseStackPointer; i++) {
+       if(chaseStack[i].rf == rf && chaseStack[i].ff == ff &&
+          chaseStack[i].rt == rt && chaseStack[i].ft == ft   ) {
+           // move found on chaseStack, delete it by overwriting with move popped from top of chaseStack
+           chaseStack[i] = chaseStack[--chaseStackPointer];
+           break;
+       }
+    }
+}
+
+extern void ProtectedCallback P((Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind,
+                               int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft,
+                               VOIDSTAR closure));
+
+void
+ProtectedCallback (Board board, int flags, ChessMove kind, int rf, int ff, int rt, int ft, VOIDSTAR closure)
+{   // for determining if a piece (given through the closure) is protected
+    register ChaseClosure *cl = (ChaseClosure *) closure; // closure tells us where to recapture
+
+    if(rt == cl->rt && ft == cl->ft) cl->recaptures++;    // count legal recaptures to this square
+    if(appData.debugMode && board[rt][ft] != EmptySquare)
+       fprintf(debugFP, "try %c%c%c%c=%d\n", ff+AAA, rf+ONE,ft+AAA, rt+ONE, cl->recaptures);
+}
+
+extern char moveList[MAX_MOVES][MOVE_LEN];
+
+int
+PerpetualChase (int first, int last)
+{   // this routine detects if the side to move in the 'first' position is perpetually chasing (when not checking)
+    int i, j, k, tail;
+    ChaseClosure cl;
+    ChessSquare captured;
+
+    preyStackPointer = 0;        // clear stack of chased pieces
+    for(i=first; i<last; i+=2) { // for all positions with same side to move
+        if(appData.debugMode) fprintf(debugFP, "judge position %i\n", i);
+       chaseStackPointer = 0;   // clear stack that is going to hold possible chases
+       // determine all captures possible after the move, and put them on chaseStack
+       GenLegal(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i), AttacksCallback, &cl, EmptySquare);
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++)
+                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE,
+                                              chaseStack[n].ft+AAA, chaseStack[n].rt+ONE);
+            fprintf(debugFP, ": all capts\n");
+       }
+       // determine all captures possible before the move, and delete them from chaseStack
+       cl.rf = moveList[i][1]-ONE; // prepare closure to pass move that led from i to i+1
+       cl.ff = moveList[i][0]-AAA+BOARD_LEFT;
+       cl.rt = moveList[i][3]-ONE;
+       cl.ft = moveList[i][2]-AAA+BOARD_LEFT;
+       CopyBoard(xqCheckers, nullBoard); xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 1; // giant kludge to make GenLegal ignore pre-existing checks
+       GenLegal(boards[i],   PosFlags(i), ExistingAttacksCallback, &cl, EmptySquare);
+       xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 0; // disable the generation of quasi-legal moves again
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++)
+                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE,
+                                              chaseStack[n].ft+AAA, chaseStack[n].rt+ONE);
+            fprintf(debugFP, ": new capts after %c%c%c%c\n", cl.ff+AAA, cl.rf+ONE, cl.ft+AAA, cl.rt+ONE);
+       }
+       // chaseSack now contains all captures made possible by the move
+       for(j=0; j<chaseStackPointer; j++) { // run through chaseStack to identify true chases
+            int attacker = (int)boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rf][chaseStack[j].ff];
+            int victim   = (int)boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft];
+
+           if(attacker >= (int) BlackPawn) attacker = BLACK_TO_WHITE attacker; // convert to white, as piecee type
+           if(victim   >= (int) BlackPawn) victim   = BLACK_TO_WHITE victim;
+
+           if((attacker == WhiteKnight || attacker == WhiteCannon) && victim == WhiteRook)
+               continue; // C or H attack on R is always chase; leave on chaseStack
+
+           if(attacker == victim) {
+                if(LegalityTest(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), chaseStack[j].rt,
+                   chaseStack[j].ft, chaseStack[j].rf, chaseStack[j].ff, NULLCHAR) == NormalMove) {
+                       // we can capture back with equal piece, so this is no chase but a sacrifice
+                        chaseStack[j] = chaseStack[--chaseStackPointer]; // delete the capture from the chaseStack
+                       j--; /* ! */ continue;
+               }
+
+           }
+
+           // the attack is on a lower piece, or on a pinned or blocked equal one
+           CopyBoard(xqCheckers, nullBoard); xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 1;
+           CheckTest(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), -1, -1, -1, -1, FALSE); // if we deliver check with our move, the checkers get marked
+            // test if the victim is protected by a true protector. First make the capture.
+           captured = boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft];
+           boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft] = boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rf][chaseStack[j].ff];
+           boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rf][chaseStack[j].ff] = EmptySquare;
+           // Then test if the opponent can recapture
+           cl.recaptures = 0;         // prepare closure to pass recapture square and count moves to it
+           cl.rt = chaseStack[j].rt;
+           cl.ft = chaseStack[j].ft;
+           if(appData.debugMode) {
+               fprintf(debugFP, "test if we can recapture %c%c\n", cl.ft+AAA, cl.rt+ONE);
+           }
+           xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 2; // causes GenLegal to ignore the checks we delivered with the move, in real life evaded before we captured
+            GenLegal(boards[i+1], PosFlags(i+1), ProtectedCallback, &cl, EmptySquare); // try all moves
+           xqCheckers[EP_STATUS] = 0; // disable quasi-legal moves again
+           // unmake the capture
+           boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rf][chaseStack[j].ff] = boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft];
+            boards[i+1][chaseStack[j].rt][chaseStack[j].ft] = captured;
+           // if a recapture was found, piece is protected, and we are not chasing it.
+           if(cl.recaptures) { // attacked piece was defended by true protector, no chase
+               chaseStack[j] = chaseStack[--chaseStackPointer]; // so delete from chaseStack
+               j--; /* ! */
+           }
+       }
+       // chaseStack now contains all moves that chased
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+           for(n=0; n<chaseStackPointer; n++)
+                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c%c%c ", chaseStack[n].ff+AAA, chaseStack[n].rf+ONE,
+                                              chaseStack[n].ft+AAA, chaseStack[n].rt+ONE);
+            fprintf(debugFP, ": chases\n");
+       }
+        if(i == first) { // copy all people chased by first move of repeat cycle to preyStack
+           for(j=0; j<chaseStackPointer; j++) {
+                preyStack[j].rank = chaseStack[j].rt;
+                preyStack[j].file = chaseStack[j].ft;
+           }
+           preyStackPointer = chaseStackPointer;
+       }
+       tail = 0;
+        for(j=0; j<chaseStackPointer; j++) {
+           for(k=0; k<preyStackPointer; k++) {
+               // search the victim of each chase move on the preyStack (first occurrence)
+               if(chaseStack[j].ft == preyStack[k].file && chaseStack[j].rt == preyStack[k].rank ) {
+                   if(k < tail) break; // piece was already identified as still being chased
+                   preyStack[preyStackPointer] = preyStack[tail]; // move chased piece to bottom part of preyStack
+                   preyStack[tail] = preyStack[k];                // by swapping
+                   preyStack[k] = preyStack[preyStackPointer];
+                   tail++;
+                   break;
+               }
+           }
+       }
+        preyStackPointer = tail; // keep bottom part of preyStack, popping pieces unchased on move i.
+       if(appData.debugMode) { int n;
+            for(n=0; n<preyStackPointer; n++)
+                fprintf(debugFP, "%c%c ", preyStack[n].file+AAA, preyStack[n].rank+ONE);
+            fprintf(debugFP, "always chased upto ply %d\n", i);
+       }
+        // now adjust the location of the chased pieces according to opponent move
+        for(j=0; j<preyStackPointer; j++) {
+            if(preyStack[j].rank == moveList[i+1][1]-ONE &&
+               preyStack[j].file == moveList[i+1][0]-AAA+BOARD_LEFT) {
+                preyStack[j].rank = moveList[i+1][3]-ONE;
+                preyStack[j].file = moveList[i+1][2]-AAA+BOARD_LEFT;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return preyStackPointer ? 256*(preyStack[preyStackPointer].file - BOARD_LEFT + AAA) + (preyStack[preyStackPointer].rank + ONE)
+                               : 0; // if any piece was left on preyStack, it has been perpetually chased,and we return the
+}