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  <h1>Sho Shogi (precurser of modern Japanese Chess)</h1>

  <p>Sho Shogi means 'small Shogi', and was one of the smaller
  variants of Japanese Chess, living in the shadow of its far more
  popular big brother, Chu Shogi ('middle Shogi'). Until people
  invented piece drops for the captured pieces. The small game was
  much more suitable for playing with piece drops, and a small
  adaptation (eliminating the Elephant) made it into the modern
  game. While Chu Shogi is in fact utterly unsuitable for playing
  with drops. And in the end, the drops won the day!</p>

  <table cellpadding="20">
    <tr>
      <td><img src="Sho.png"></td>

      <td>
        <h3>Initial setup</h3>

        <p>e1, e8: King<br>
        b8, h2: Rook<br>
        b2, h8: Bishop<br>
        e2, e8: Elephant<br>
        d1, d8, f1, f8: Gold General<br>
        c1, c8, g1, g8: Silver General<br>
        b1, b8, h1, h8: (Shogi) Knight<br>
        a1, a8, i1, i8: Lance<br>
        a3-i3, a7-i7: Pawns</p>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </table>

  <h3>Moves at a Glance</h3>

  <p>Click on a piece below to see its moves</p>

  <table class="board">
    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x9"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x9"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x8"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x8"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x7"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x7"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x7"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x7" onmousedown="down_click(3,7)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteGold.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x7" onmousedown="down_click(4,7)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteAdvisor.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x7"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x7"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x7"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x7"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x7"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x6"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x6"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x6"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x6"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x6"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x6"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x6" onmousedown="down_click(6,6)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteKing.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x6" onmousedown="down_click(7,6)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteElephant.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x6"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x6"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x5"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x5"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x5"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x5"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x5"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x5"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x5" onmousedown="down_click(6,5)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src=
      "sym/WhiteCrownedRook.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x5" onmousedown="down_click(7,5)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteRook.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x5"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x5"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x4"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x4"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x4"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x4"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x4"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x4"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x4" onmousedown="down_click(6,4)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src=
      "sym/WhiteCrownedBishop.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x4" onmousedown="down_click(7,4)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteBishop.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x4"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x4"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x3"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x3"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x2"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x2"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x2"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x2" onmousedown="down_click(3,2)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteKnight.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x2" onmousedown="down_click(4,2)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhiteLance.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x2"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x2" onmousedown="down_click(6,2)"
      onmouseup="up_click()"><img src="sym/WhitePawn.png"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x2"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x2"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x2"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x1"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x1"></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td class="n" id="sq0x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq1x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq2x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq3x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq4x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq5x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq6x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq7x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq8x0"></td>

      <td class="n" id="sq9x0"></td>
    </tr>
  </table>

  <p id="piece" height="20">:<br>
  :<br>
  :<br>
  :</p>

  <table cellpadding="5" border="1">
    <tr>
      <td>Piece</td>

      <td>ID</td>

      <td>value</td>

      <td>Moves (<a href="Betza.html">Betza notation</a>)</td>

      <td>Remarks</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>King</td>

      <td>K</td>

      <td>-</td>

      <td>K</td>

      <td></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Rook</td>

      <td>R</td>

      <td>15</td>

      <td>R</td>

      <td>Promotes to Dragon</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Bishop</td>

      <td>B</td>

      <td>13</td>

      <td>B</td>

      <td>Promotes to Horse</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Elephant</td>

      <td>E</td>

      <td>11</td>

      <td>FsfW</td>

      <td><b>Promotes to a second King</b></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Gold</td>

      <td>G</td>

      <td>9</td>

      <td>WfF</td>

      <td></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Silver</td>

      <td>S</td>

      <td>8</td>

      <td>FfW</td>

      <td>promotes to Gold</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Knight</td>

      <td>N</td>

      <td>6</td>

      <td>fN</td>

      <td>promotes to Gold</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Lance</td>

      <td>L</td>

      <td>5</td>

      <td>fN</td>

      <td>promotes to Gold</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Pawn</td>

      <td>P</td>

      <td>1</td>

      <td>fW</td>

      <td>promotes to Gold</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td colspan="5">Promoted pieces (not initially present)</td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Dragon</td>

      <td>D or +R</td>

      <td>18</td>

      <td>RF</td>

      <td></td>
    </tr>

    <tr>
      <td>Horse</td>

      <td>H or +B</td>

      <td>15.5</td>

      <td>BW</td>

      <td></td>
    </tr>
  </table>

  <h3>Pawn peculiarities</h3>

  <ul>
    <li>Pawns move <b>and capture</b> straight ahead.</li>

    <li>It is forbidded to have more than one Pawn in the same
    file.</li>

    <li>It is forbidden to checkmate the opponent with a Pawn
    drop.</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>General rules</h3>

  <ul>
    <li>The game is won by capturing the opponent's only King.</li>

    <li>Pieces promote at the end of a move into, in or out of the
    promotion zone.</li>

    <li>The promotion zone consists of the last three ranks.</li>

    <li>Perpetual checking is forbidden, and would be ruled a loss
    on the 4-fold repeat.</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>XBoard interface issues</h3>

  <p>Sho Shogi is not a standard variant in XBoard. It has to be
  played in XBoard by selecting regular Shogi after having set the
  holdings-size override in the New Variant dialog to 0, to disable
  piece drops. This is not all, however; the pieceToCharTable has
  to be changed to tell XBoard that the Elephant participates. This
  can unfortunately only be done through command-line options.</p>

  <p>It is therefore best to put all options needed to massage
  XBoard into playing this variant in a settings file sho.xop. On
  install .xop files are associated with XBoard, so clicking them
  would start XBoard with the options in that file. You could then
  set everything in the file needed to start in Sho-Shogi mode:</p>
  <pre>
-variant shogi
-holdingsSize 0
-pieceToCharTable "PNBRLSE..G.+.++.++Kpnbrlse..g.+.++.++k"
</pre>Since the game is just a subset of regular Shogi, legality
testing can remain on. You could also specify your favorite
Sho-Shogi engine with -fcp in that file.

  <p>Of course there will always be people that prefer an oriental
  look, with pentagonal kanji tiles. XBoard comes with a set of
  kanji pieces in the 'themes/shogi' sub-directory of its data
  directory (e.g. /usr/local/share/games/xboard). You can select
  that as -pieceImageDirectory (-pid for short) from the command
  line, or from the View -&gt; Board dialog. You would also have to
  tick 'Flip black pieces Shogi style' there (or use the option
  <b>-flipBlack true</b>) to make sure the pieces won't go upside
  down when you flip the view.</p>

  <h3>Differences with FIDE</h3>

  <p>In stead of Queens you have Silver and Gold Generals, and
  Lances. The Knight only has the two forward-most moves of a FIDE
  Knight. Pawns capture straight ahead. There is no castling, Pawn
  double-push or e.p. capture. Other pieces than Pawns also
  promote. The promotion zone is three ranks deep in stead of one.
  You have an Elphant that can promote to a second King.</p>

  <h3>Strategy issues</h3>

  <p>Most pieces are quite slow, or not manoeuvrable at all, and
  their practical value is very dependent on how far they are from
  the Kings.</p>
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